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Abstract:
Changes in adenine nucleotides and adenylate energy charge in shake cultures of Penicillium digitatum were determined under conditions when ethylene biosynthesis was either activated or inhibited. Activation of ethylene biosynthesis under phosphate-limiting growth conditions was accompanied by a 28% decrease in the ATP level of the mycelia. Under these growth conditions, changes in the adenylate energy charge were inversely related to the concentration of AMP but did not correlate with changes in the rate of ethylene biosynthesis or in total adenylate nucleotides. Adenine and AMP, when added individually, partially prevented the inhibitory effect of 0.01 mM orthophosphate on ethylene biosynthesis. On addition of orthophosphate, orthophosphate and adenine, or orthophosphate and AMP a rapid decrease within 2 hours in ethylene biosynthesis occurred without a striking increase in the ATP level of the cultures. In non-growing mycelia of P. digitatum, there was considerable modulation in the concentration of individual adenine nucleotides but only small changes in the adenylate energy charge were observed. The data indicated that levels of adenylates, glutamate, or the adenylate energy charge do not mediate or limit phosphate inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis. However, it is suggested that an orthophosphate-repressible phosphatase and/or a protein kinase may be involved in this process.Keywords:
Energy charge
Adenine nucleotide
Energy charge
Antimycin A
Adenine nucleotide
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Energy charge
Adenine nucleotide
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Using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we developed a fast method for the determination of the adenine-nucleotides ATP, ADP, and AMP in human red blood cells (RBC). The method is sensitive (10(-9)-10(-10) M), specific (greater than 95% peak-homogeneity), and the results are well reproducible. The three substances are assayed in a single step, which is essential for the exact determination of the adenylate-energy-charge (AEC). We applied the technique to fresh and stored RBC's. After six weeks' storage in PAGGS-sorbitol we found only a slight decrease in ATP content, but marked increases in ADP and AMP contents. Accordingly, there was a decrease in the AEC, whereas the total nucleotide pool (TNP) did not change significantly. As AEC and TNP reflect the state of the cellular energy metabolism, they are related to the viability of stored RBC. Thus, we consider the described method to be helpful for the quality control of RBC stored in new or modified media.
Energy charge
Adenine nucleotide
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The effect of a low phosphate concentration on intracellular adenine nucleotides, oxygen consumption and poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid synthesis, was investigated with batch cultures of Bacillus megaterium. At low phosphate concentrations the cells contained much larger amounts of poly-β-hydroxybutyric acid, but displayed lower adenylate energy charge and oxygen uptake than did control cells. The ratio of ATP to ADP was much greater in the control cells. The levels of ATP and AMP were lower in low-phosphate cells.
Bacillus megaterium
Energy charge
Adenine nucleotide
Growth medium
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Concentration of ATP, total content of adenine nucleotides and energy charge of the adenylate system were distinctly higher in blood of patients with psoriasis as compared with corresponding patterns of healthy persons blood. In psoriasis the rate of glycolytic production of ATP was unaltered in erythrocytes, whereas Na+, K+-ATPase activity was decreased in the cell membranes. Similar alterations occurred in epidermis impaired with psoriasis. The data obtained suggest the systemic type of the pathological process, which caused impairment of adenine nucleotides metabolism. Estimation of ATP concentration, of total content of adenine nucleotides and adenylate energy charge might be of importance in diagnosis and therapy of psoriasis.
Energy charge
Adenine nucleotide
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Adenine nucleotide
Energy charge
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Energy charge
Adenine nucleotide
Adenosine triphosphate
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AMP deaminase
Inosine
Adenine nucleotide
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Purine metabolism
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Energy charge
Adenine nucleotide
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Creatine
High-energy phosphate
Energy charge
Adenine nucleotide
Creatine kinase
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