Regenerative Medicine
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Regenerative medicine is a promising interdisciplinary field that applies basic principles of engineering and life sciences to repair, replace, or regenerate damaged or lost tissues and organs. Unlike conventional medicine, regenerative medicine uses human cells and other substances to regrow tissues or restore their functions. Regenerative medicine combines approaches such as the use of cell-based, cell-free soluble molecules, stem cells from different sources, gene therapy, tissue engineering, reprogramming of cells, and, more recently, cell-free regenerative therapies. Regenerative Medicine provides details of the recent advancements in regenerative therapies for regenerative medicine applications.Keywords:
Regenerative Medicine
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Organ and tissue loss through any injury motivate to formulate or develop new techniques that can generate tissues and decrease the dependency of transplantation. Regenerative medicine is an interdisciplinary field that solely depends on the principle of engineering and life science. These techniques used to fabricate cell sheets on biomaterials and then grafted it on host tissues to heal injury. Regenerative medicine involves use of substrate such a bioreactors and growth factors with cells and scaffold, which shows increase in the regenerative capacity of host tissues by using cell injection or immune modulation. Object of the present research is to reprograming of somatic cells to pluripotent cells that holds huge potential of regenerative medicine. Tissues are grafting in 3D construction by different techniques in tissue engineering. Bio-printing is an enabling technology of tissue engineering that promises to fabricate highly mimicked organs with a digital control. It gives the understanding of biomaterials and stem cell biology to integrate various printing mechanism for multi-phase tissue engineering.
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This introductory chapter of the book Micro and Nanotechnologies in Engineering Stems Cells and Tissues provides an overview of the central concepts in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering strategies. First, it presents a brief overview of stem cells and their role in cell therapy strategies followed by a discussion of nanotechnology in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications using stem cells in conjunction with biomaterials and bioactive factors. In particular, it focuses on the shift that has occurred in the field toward using nanoscale approaches that control cellular activities and tissue formation at the subcellular level.
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It is undoubtedly important for regenerative medicine to discover and use the cells of high proliferation and differentiation potentials. However, there are numerous cases where the tissue regeneration cannot be always achieved only by using the cells. Thus, an environmental site suitable for enabling cells to induce tissue regeneration is highly required for successful tissue regeneration. Tissue engineering is the biomedical technology or methodology indispensable to create this regeneration site while it makes use of the scaffold for cell proliferation and differentiation, the drug delivery system of biological signals, and their combination with cells. This paper describes the present status and research data of tissue engineering to emphasize the considerable significance in regenerative medicine.
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The traditional organ transplantation could not meet the need of the clinical treatment for the restrictions such as organ origin,ethic and body immunity. Tissue engineering therefore come to birth and proceed to grow by responding to successive challenges. At the beginning,the definition of tissue engineering was that a combined utilization of cells with scaffold materials and bioactive factors could be an efficient way to promote the research and application of tissue repair and regeneration. With the deep investigation in this field, the tissue engineering concept was also developed. Modern tissue engineering is an interdisciplinary branch of science that study and develop bioactive artificial substitution to maintain,restore or improve the function of the damaged human tissues by use of the principles of engineering science and life science. Since the birth of more than two decades,the development of tissue engineering has experienced about three stages. Regenerative medicine is an important branch science of modern clinical science,which is closely related with stem cell and tissue engineering. Tissue engineering is a perfect tissue organ regeneration,key research field of regenerative medicine,and main development direction of regenerative medicine. The principles and techniques of regenerative medicine promote the development of tissue engineering.
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