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    Meltwater Evolution During Defrosting on Superhydrophobic Surfaces
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    Air source heat pumps (ASHPs) have been widely used for space heating in cold winter. When it operates in frosting environment, defrosting is necessary to maintain the system performance resulting in a discontinuous space heating. The defrosting time is an important parameter to evaluate the performance of different defrosting methods. At present, the widely applied ways for defrosting are the standard reverse-cycle defrosting and hot-gas bypass defrosting methods. For the two defrosting methods, the biggest problem is that no heat source is available for the defrosting cycle which leads to a long defrosting time. For the past few years, study on the use of heat exchangers with phase change material (PCM-HE) to storage heat for the defrosting receives lots interest. This paper presents a review of these reported defrosting methods using PCM-HE. The ASHPs with PCM-HE and their defrosting principles are introduced. Furthermore, the frequently-used phase change materials together with structure of PCM-HE are also summarized. Finally, the further research direction to realize effective defrosting and continuous heating of air-source heat pump products is discussed.
    Defrosting
    In order to solve the problem of instability of running,poor reliability of defrosting and worsen indoor environment because of defrosting,a new air source heat pump technology of energy storage defrosting is presented.The theoretical model of defrosting system is established and the economic analysis of air source heat pump is worked out.The defrosting performance is analyzed and the compared experiment of defrosting characteristic of the traditional system and the new energy store system are carried on.The result proved the advantage of the air source heat pump system of store energy for defrosting.
    Defrosting
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    A new heat-recycling defrosting method on the gas engine-driven heat pump is represented and the defrosting theory and operating process are given.From the two aspects of systemic operating reliability and energy balance,the feasibility of the heat-recycling defrosting method is discussed,the results show that,during the systemic defrosting,the fluctuation of heat water temperature in the heat-preserved water tank is between 16 ℃ to 25 ℃,also the heat water temperature in the water tank can be kept over 55 ℃,so the heat-recycling defrosting method is feasible.Furthermore,comparing with reverse defrosting and sensible heat defrosting,the consumed energy for defrosting is the lowest,and the heat supplying and the average performance coefficient is the highest,hence the heat-recycling defrosting is an effective and energy-saving defrosting method.
    Defrosting
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    Recently research on hot gas defrosting of air source heat pump was reviewed.A number of defrosting problems such as each components and the whole heat pump system defrosting characteristics,energy transition and transfer,automatic control of defrosting etc.were discussed and recommendations of solving these problems are proposed.
    Defrosting
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    Based on the feasibility experiment and analyses,an intelligent defrosting scheme using the comparison calculation of indoor coil temperature is put forward.Comparing with other schemes,it is proved by experiment that intelligent defrosting scheme has the advantages: the starting time to defrost is more reasonable;the defrosting period is shorter,which means the defrosting efficiency is higher;at the meantime the frost can be eliminated clearly,and defrosting operation can be avoided when frost does not exist.Also the cost is low,and market feedback appears very good.
    Defrosting
    Frost (temperature)
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    Hot liquid defrosting is a new method of defrosting.Experimental facilities on hot liquid defrostng was introduced and the experimental result was analyzed.Compared with hot gas defrosting,there are many advantges,such as larger capacity of refrigeration,less effect on efficiency of fin of heat-exchanger,less fluctuation of temperature and so on.Therefore,hot liquid defrosting is a feasible method of defrosting.
    Defrosting
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