Corrigendum to âSpecific detection of the toxigenic speciesFusarium proliferatumandF. oxysporumfrom asparagus plants using primers based on calmodulin gene sequencesâ
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Asparagus
Fusarium proliferatum
Asparagus is a genus consisting of over two hundred species of perennial plants. Fusarium proliferatum is a major asparagus pathogen and it biosynthesizes a variety of mycotoxins, of which fumonisins B are prevalent. Our previous studies on F. proliferatum strains indicated that asparagus extract affects the expression of FUM1 gene, encoding polyketide synthase, a key enzyme of the FUM gene cluster governing the biosynthesis of fumonisins. An asparagus-derived F. proliferatum strain increased fumonisin B1 production after extract fractions’ addition, reaching the maximum 2 or 24 h after treatment. The cultures yielded between 40 and 520 mg of dry weight of mycelia after 14 days of cultivation. The differences in fungal biomass amounts between the whole extract and its fractions may result from synergistic effect of all bioactive compounds present in asparagus extract. Among extract fractions, the methanolic fraction had the highest effect on the dry weight of the mycelium reaching about a 13-fold increase compared to the control. Furthermore, we measured the relative expression of the FUM1 gene. Due to the possible antifungal activity of tested extract fractions, future research will be focused on the identification of the Asparagus officinalis L. compounds responsible for this activity.
Asparagus
Fusarium proliferatum
Fumonisin
Dry weight
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In this note Cadophora malorum infections on asparagus plants cultivated in different localities in the
Foggia area (southern Italy) are reported. Pathogenicity tests demostrated that C. malorum showed the capacity to
infect healthy plants of asparagus even if this capacity is less pronounced than that of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.
asparagi and F. proliferatum.
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Fusarium proliferatum
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ABSTRACT Production of asparagus ( Asparagus officinalis L.) is globally constrained by the “early decline” syndrome. The primary causal agents of early decline include Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg, F. oxysporum Wollenw. f. sp. asparagi S.I. Cohen, and F. subglutinans Wollenw. & Reinking. These pathogens together contribute to Fusarium crown and root rot (FCRR). Damage to asparagus stems, especially by the asparagus miner ( Ophiomyia simplex Loew [Diptera: Agromyzidae]), has been associated with and shown to exacerbate FCRR. This review synthesizes the current information on this tripartite interaction, describes management strategies and their efficacy, and highlights needed research. Opportunities for future control of the asparagus miner and associated FCRR are presented. Research areas of interest include investigating the role of semiochemicals in the asparagus miner– Fusarium spp. interaction, identifying effective biological controls for the asparagus miner, and determining source populations of asparagus miner in new asparagus plantings.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by a number of Fusarium species, including several pathogens of asparagus plants. China is one of the largest asparagus producers in the world. In this study, we analysed the contamination of fumonisins and fumonisin‐producing fungi in asparagus spear samples from Zhejiang Province, the major asparagus production province in China. RESULTS: The asparagus did not contain a detectable level of fumonisins. However, the recovery of Fusarium in asparagus was 72.7%, including F. proliferatum (40.9%), F. oxysporum (22.7%), F. acuminatum (4.55%) and F. equesti (4.55%). A multiplex PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer sequence (ITS), translation elongation factor 1‐α (TEF), and key biosynthetic genes FUM1 and FUM8 , was used to simultaneously determine the identity and the biosynthetic ability of the fungal isolates. Fungal isolates containing the FUM genes also produced fumonisins in cultures, ranging from 28 to 4204 µg g −1 . F. proliferatum was the only fumonisin‐producing Fusarium species in asparagus. CONCLUSION: Although no fumonisin contamination was detected in asparagus in the current survey, we found that the majority of samples contained Fusarium spp. Because F. proliferatum is a high fumonisin‐producing species, potential health risks for human consumption of asparagus exist, if the appropriate environmental conditions are present for this fungus. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Asparagus
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Fumonisin
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Asparagus
Fusarium proliferatum
Fumonisin
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Asparagus is a perennial herb rich in multiple nutrients; however, the utilization of asparagus is lower on account of one-third part of the asparagus often be discarded as a by-product at harvest in order to standardize the length for market. In this study, asparagus spears were divided into tip (top of the spear, 5 cm), mid (intermediate of the spear, 5 cm), and base (rest of the spear, 5 cm) parts, and the mid part and base part were cut into as 2–3 cm length. As following, the three parts of asparagus spears were processed into tea with green tea processing craft, respectively. Electronic nose and GC-MS analyses were used to investigate the aroma components of three asparagus teas. A total of 59 components were detected, among which there were 37, 43, and 50 components in the tip, mid, and base asparagus tea, respectively. According to the electronic nose analysis and GC-MS analysis, we speculate aldehydes, alkanes, and ketone were the main aroma components of asparagus tea. And the different aroma components among the three asparagus teas might be caused by the different spear parts of asparagus. The sensory evaluation score of the mid asparagus tea was 88.54 ± 0.33, which was highest among the three teas. The results indicated that mid asparagus tea might be more popular with consumers. Practical applications Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) were divided into tip, mid, and base parts, and every part was processed into tea respectively. The process optimization and aroma analysis could improve the utilization rate of asparagus and also provides a basis for clarifying the specific volatile of asparagus tea.
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Soil-borne pathogens can have considerable detrimental effects on asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) growth and production, notably caused by the Fusarium species F. oxysporum f.sp. asparagi, F. proliferatum and F. redolens. In this study, their species-specific impact regarding disease severity and root morphological traits was analysed. Additionally, various isolates were characterised based on in vitro physiological activities and on protein extracts using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The response of two asparagus cultivars to the different Fusarium species was evaluated by inoculating experiments. Differences in aggressiveness were observed between Fusarium species and their isolates on roots, while no clear disease symptoms became visible in ferns eight weeks after inoculation. F. redolens isolates Fred1 and Fred2 were the most aggressive strains followed by the moderate aggressive F. proliferatum and the less and almost non-aggressive F. oxysporum isolates, based on the severity of disease symptoms. Fungal DNA in stem bases and a significant induction of pathogenesis-related gene expression was detectable in both asparagus cultivars. A significant negative impact of the pathogens on the root characteristics total root length, volume, and surface area was detected for each isolate tested, with Fred1 causing the strongest effects. No significant differences between the tested asparagus cultivars were observed.
Asparagus
Fusarium proliferatum
Root rot
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Asparagus
Liliaceae
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Fusarium proliferatum
Root rot
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Abstract Fusarium oxysporum is one of the major pathogens causing root and crown rot in asparagus. Breeding of cultivars resistant to F. oxysporum would be the most efficient strategy for pathogen control. In this study, a bioassay was developed for screening seedling resistance. The non‐destructive bioassay comprises inoculation with a highly aggressive F. oxysporum isolate, incubation in a climate chamber and quantification of disease symptoms by a digital image analysing system and a PTA‐ELISA. This bioassay is simple to implement and demonstrated high reproducibility. Subsequently, it was used to determine the resistance behaviour of 16 asparagus genotypes to F. oxysporum . The asparagus cultivars revealed different levels of susceptibility, whereas the wild relative A. densiflorus was confirmed to be resistant.
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