Volgian–early berriasian marginal filter in the West Siberian marine basin and its influence on sediment distribution
А. Э. КонторовичL.M. BurshteinB.L. NikitenkoS. V. RyzhkovaE. V. BorisovS. V. ErshovЕ.А. KostyrevaV. A. KonotorovichA. Yu. NekhaevЕ. В. ПономареваM. A. FominP. A. Yan
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Terrigenous sediment
Carbonate diagenesis is an important branch in carbonate sedimentology,especially in carbonate reservoir sedimentology.Recently,there have been remarkable advances on carbonate diagenesis in the following aspects: 1) the geometry and petrogenesis of dolomite hydrocarbon reservoir,particularly referring to the review and reappraisal on dolomitization models cited by many sedimentologists for a long time;2) the mechanism of structurally controlled hydrothermal alteration of carbonate reservoirs,concerning the origin of hydrothermal dolomite and its effects on hydrocarbon reservoir,especially the influences of hydrothermal fluids on carbonate diagenesis in deep-burial setting;3) renewals of classic diagenesis theories of carbonate and challenges to past diagenesis theories that people have been using until now,some new sights of diagenesis in marine-meteoric mixing-zone and marine-burial environments should make us to reappraisal the understanding of carbonate diagenesis;4) wide application of strontium isotope composition to marine carbonate sedimentology,including isochronous correlation of sedimentary sequences,directly dating marine sediments,and interaction of water-rock during diagenesis.However,some following questions existing in the carbonate diagenesis need us to pay more attentions to: 1) the most important dissolving fluids to carbonates are probably H2S and CO2 as byproducts of sulfate reduction in deep-buried setting with sulfate minerals,but carbonates are more soluble in relatively low temperature,which is socalled retrograde solubility;2) a temperature difference(ΔT) for cooling water to dissolve carbonates can be implemented by following two geological processes: ① fluids flowing upward along faults,showing the importance of faults in carbonate diagenesis;② tectonic uplift,suggesting the significance of burial history related to tectonics in carbonate diagenesis;3) the first thing controlling Sr content in dolomite is the crystalline chemistry habits,lower distribution coefficient of Sr into dolomite results in pervasively lower Sr content in dolomite,thus,people can not only depend upon contents of Sr in dolomite to evaluate the characteristics of dolomitization fluids,and a lower content of Sr in dolomite can not indicate that dolomitization fluid is irrespective to seawater;4) remove of SO4~(2-) related to sulphate reduction may place a premium on the dolomitiztion or precipitation of dolomite,and the presence of SO4~(2-) in fluid may increase the rate of dolomite dissolution.
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ABSTRACT A wide variety of marine sediments were examined in order to determine the factors controlling modern carbonate mineral distribution. The sand-sized fraction was utilized exclusively in order to make possible identification of components and to minimize masking effects of non-carbonate material during X-ray diffraction analysis. Factors controlling mineral distribution include the original mineralogical components being formed as well as the nature and extent of alteration processes. These factors are directly related to depth, but show little latitudinal correlation.
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Diagenetic processes: a brief introduction Diagenetic environments Shallow-marine diagenesis Meteoric diagenesis Diagenesis in the burial environment Diagenetic sequences and models
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This research is to assess the influence of regional versus global controls on the diagenesis and reservoir quality of Tertiary carbonate platforms. The three main objectives are: (1) to evaluate controlling influences on diagenesis, fracturing and potential reservoir quality of a Cenozoic syntectonic carbonate platform (Tonasa Formation, Indonesia). (2) To contribute towards understanding diagenetic alteration of volcanogenic covered and/or influenced carbonate platforms. (3) To evaluate controlling influences on diagenetic variability of slope and basinal deposits.
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Terrigenous sediment
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The effect of decomposition and diagenesis of sediment organic matter (SOM) on the adsorption of emerging pollutants by the sediment has been seldom addressed. In the present experimental study, artificial sediment was incubated to simulate the natural organic diagenesis process and hence investigate the influence of organic diagenesis on the adsorption of tetracyclines (TCs) by marine sediment. During a period of 4 months of incubation, SOM initially added into the sediment underwent biodegradation and diagenesis. The results showed an early decrease in TC adsorption by the sediment, which was likely caused by the competition between the microbial organic products and TC molecules for the adsorption sites. Afterward, TC adsorption by the sediment increased significantly, which was mainly due to the accumulation of condensed SOM. The experimental results indicate the interactions between TCs and the sediment during the dynamic process of SOM diagenesis. Moreover, the remaining SOM is shown to have an increasing affinity with the antibiotics.
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Effects of terrigenous sedimentation are considered a serious threat to Puerto Rico's coral reefs. This study assesses: 1) the composition of sediments accumulating at reef sites on the southwestern shelf of Puerto Rico; 2) the spatial extent to which terrigenous materials are reaching these reefs; and 3) the spatial and temporal variability of sediment composition, grain size and trap collection rates. Sediment traps were deployed at 9 sites from inner shelf to shelf edge. Analyses of total sediment weight (April 2006 – April 2007) show a similar temporal pattern at all sites with June and August having the highest accumulation rates. In general, there is a decrease in trap accumulation rate with depth. Carbon composition analyses indicate that samples consist primarily of calcium carbonate with lesser amounts of terrigenous and organic material, and a slightly higher percentage of terrigenous material in the <63 µm fraction. At a given site, the percentage of terrigenous material is fairly constant regardless of trap collection rate, suggesting that observed changes in accumulation rates are due to resuspension of existing material rather than an influx of new terrigenous material. These results, illustrate that in some reef systems, resuspension of existing bottom sediments is as important as the influx of new terrigenous material.
Terrigenous sediment
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Terrigenous sediment
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This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Carbonate diagenesis Sequence stratigraphy Carbonate diagenesis and relative sea-level falls (LST) Carbonate diagenesis during relative sea-level rises (TST) Carbonate diagenesis during relative sea-level highstands (HST) Carbonate diagenesis on the parasequence scale Carbonate diagenesis and sequence stacking patterns Carbonate diagenesis and role of associated siliciclastics Carbonate diagenesis through the Phanerozoic: broad trends and the first-order sea-level curve Carbonate diagenesis and sequences through the Phanerozoic Summary Acknowledgements References
Sequence Stratigraphy
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Recrystallization (geology)
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