Radar Rainfall Data: Temporal and Spatial Characteristics
0
Citation
4
Reference
10
Related Paper
Abstract:
Common formats for gridded radar rainfall data include ESRI Shapefile, Arc/Info ASCII Grid, Gridded NetCDF, and others, and commercially produced gridded rainfall data sets are available in various temporal and spatial resolutions. The data are typically available in geographic information system-compatible formats that are easily processed for input to hydrologic models. Of special note are two standardized grid systems in common use by U.S. government agencies: The Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project grid used by the U.S. National Weather Service and the Standard Hydrologic Grid used by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Radar rainfall data have various purposes. Some uses include real-time hydrologic monitoring, flood forecasting, flood hazard and disaster management, probable maximum precipitation estimation, extreme storm analysis, and many others. Accurate estimation of volumetric watershed outflow is a key objective in hydrologic analysis.Keywords:
NetCDF
Hydrological modelling
Vflo
Flood forecasting
Shapefile
Weather radar
The system error always exists in the real-time flood forecasting system, which includes the model error and the error of observation. In order to diminish the system error, this study tried to introduce the weather radar rainfall technique and BP neural network technique into River Basin flood forecasting, and a flood forecasting model was developed based on the distributed hydrological model. The real-time forecasting model was applied to the Shiguanhe River Basin, and the result showed that the model could well realize the coupling of radar remote sensing data with the hydrological model. The model developed provided a basis for research on the application of weather radar rainfall technique to river basin flood forecasting.
Flood forecasting
Weather radar
Hydrological modelling
Cite
Citations (1)
After the large flood in 1998, the Chinese government planned to build the national weather radar networks and the weather radar rainfall data will be used for real time flood forecasting. The coupling of models between the weather radar rainfall and Xinanjiang model are carried out on the Shiguanhe watershed. First, the radar reflectivity is corrected by TRMM/PR data and then the attenuation is corrected. The weather radar rainfall is estimated by a Z-R relationship and is then corrected using a Kalman filter. The Kalman filter correction is done in real time. In general, the precipitation estimated from weather radar is reasonably accurate in most of the catchment investigated when it is corrected. In the research into coupling the rainfall-runoff model with the weather radar precipitation, two kinds of spatial scale are compared in the simulated flood hydrograph from the Xinanjiang model. The simulated results are almost of the same accuracy. Compared to the results simulated by rain gage data, the simulations based on the weather radar data are also of similar accuracy. This shows that, according to the present research results, the rainfall estimated from the weather radar, the radar data correction methods and the method of coupling, the Xinanjiang model could be used in operational real-time flood forecasting.
Weather radar
Flood forecasting
Quantitative precipitation forecast
Flash flood
Quantitative precipitation estimation
Vflo
Cite
Citations (0)
The application of quantitative weather radar rainfall data in hydrological modelling structures has indicated the prospect of improving the storm lead-time and accuracy of estimated rainfall inputs used in real-time flood forecasting systems. In order to investigate the effect of temporal and spatial resolution of precipitation data provided by a new C-band dual polarisation radar (the Thurnham Radar) in the UK, on the accuracy of short-term and long-term rainfall-runoff simulation, compared to the rainfall product from traditional Tipping Bucket Raingauges and the current single polarisation radar network (Nimrod), three hydrological models with different mathematical structures and hydrological mechanisms were chosen in this study. The performance of the new radar and further research on this approach is addressed and comments provided on the problems associated with characterising the uncertainties of space-time hydrological processes using radar rainfall estimation. This study presents a preliminary analysis of the sensitivity of precipitation data from dual polarisation radar in different hydrological modelling structures.
Weather radar
Flood forecasting
Quantitative precipitation forecast
Quantitative precipitation estimation
Cite
Citations (0)
A study was made on the coupling of weather radar rainfall data with the hydrological model for flood forecasting. The comparison of the rainfall distributions on river basins evaluated by precipitation gauges and the weather radar rainfall estimate technique shows that the result from the latter method is more close to the reality, which accords with the landform of river basins. To meet the requirement of real-time flood prediction, the Kalman filter was adopted for correction of the weather radar rainfall data, and the number of rainfall stations selected was the same as that of the flood prediction stations arranged by the water information department. In consideration of the fact that the weather radar rainfall data are of distributed characteristics, the distributed hydrological model was adopted. The flood forecasting performed for the Jiangjiaji Station of the Shiguanhe catchment of the Huaihe River shows that the weather radar rainfall estimate technique has wide scope of application.
Flood forecasting
Weather radar
Quantitative precipitation forecast
Cite
Citations (1)
The objective of the study is to prepare input data for FIA (Flood Inundation Analysis) & FDA (Flood Damage Assessment) through rainfall-runoff simulation by HEC-HMS model. For HwaOng watershed (235.6 $km^{2}$ ), HEC-HMS was calibrated using 6 storm events. Geospatial data processors, HEC-GeoHMS is used for HEC-HMS basin input data. The parameters of rainfall loss rate and unit hydrograph are optimized from the observed data. HEC-HMS was applied to simulate rainfall-runoff relation to frequency storm at the HwaOng watershed. The results will be used for mitigating and predicting the flood damage after river routing and inundation propagation analysis through various flood scenarios.
Flood forecasting
HEC-HMS
Vflo
Flood warning
Flash flood
Cite
Citations (0)
Abstract WATFLOOD is a menu-driven micro-computer based flood forecasting system incorporating data management programs to enable real-time use of weather radar for flood forecasting. It includes a radar calibration model called CALIBR and a simulation model called SIMPLE, which is the heart of the system. SIMPLE is a process-based hydrologic simulation model programmed in FORTRAN77. Only the most dominant hydrologic processes affecting flood flows are included. The programming for inputing streamflow, gage rainfall, and reservoir releases uses a spreadsheet type of input format.SIMPLE features an automatic pattern search optimization algorithm to determine which combination of parameters best fit measured conditions. The parameters for optimization are: soil permeability, overland flow roughness, channel roughness, depression storage, and an upper zone depletion factor. In the operational mode, the calibration option is used to determine the initial soil moisture based on real-time measurements of streamflow.Radar derived precipitation data is usually reported in a square grid format. WATFLOOD is designed to use digital radar data in various formats. Regardless of format, weather radar does not at present provide accurate rainfall amounts. The WATFLOOD system includes software to calibrate or adjust radar measurements in a real-time mode, using ground based telemetered raingages as ground truth. WATFLOOD est un système de prévision des crues articulé sur un micro-ordinateur piloté par menu, qui comprend des programmes de gestion afin de permettre l’utilisation en temps réel d’un radar météorologique. Il est composé d’un modèle d’étalonnage radar nommé CALIBR et du modèle de simulation SIMPLE, qui est le coeur du système. Programmé en FORTRAN77 pour simuler les étapes du cycle de l’eau, le SIMPLE ne comprend que les étapes affectant le débit des crues d’une manière importante. La programmation qui permet d’entrer en mémoire le débit d’un cours d’eau, le jaugeage des précipitations et les déversements d’eau des réservoirs organise ces entrées à l’aide d’une sorte de feuille de calcul électronique.Une des caractéristiques du logiciel SIMPLE est un algorithme d’optimisation de la recherche automatique des configurations qui permet d’établir les combinaisons de paramètres qui correspondent davantage aux conditions mesurées. Les paramètres de l’optimisation sont les suivants : la perméabilité du sol, la rugosité du ruissellement, la rugosité des canaux, l’emmagasinement dans les dépressions du sol et le facteur de tarissement des zones élevées. En mode d’exploitation, l’option d’étalonnage sert à déterminer l’humidité initiale du sol à partir des mesures en temps réel du débit d’un cours d’eau.Les données qui proviennent du radar sont normalement présentées sous forme d’une grille carrée. Le WATFLOOD est conçu de manière à pouvoir présenter les données numériques du radar sous des formes différentes. Mais peu importe la façon dont les données sont présentées, le radar météorologique ne peut pas, à l’heure actuelle, mesurer la hauteur exacte des précipitations. Le système WATFLOOD comprend un logiciel pour étalonner ou ajuster les mesures du radar dans le mode en temps réel, en tenant compte des mesures prises au sol par les télémètres pluviométriques.
Weather radar
Flood forecasting
Cite
Citations (117)
Weather Radar in Western Europe The Frontiers Project A System for Processing Radar and Gauge Rainfall Data The Establishment and Operation of an Unmanned Weather Radar Accuracy of Real-time Radar Measurements Weather Radar and a Regional Forecasting Service An Operational Flood Warning System UK Flood Forecasting in the 1980s Flood Forecasting Hydrology in North-West Water Real-time Flood Forecasting in Diverse Drainage Basins Real-time Rainfall/Runoff Models and Use of Weather Radar Information Flood Forecasting Based on Rainfall Radar Measurement and Stochastic Rainfall Forecasting in the Federal Republic of Germany The Role of Radar and Automated Data Capture in Information Systems for Water Management Towards More Effective Use of Radar Data for Flood Forecasting Towards the More Effective Use of Radar and Satellite Imagery in Weather Forecasting Future Development of the UK Weather Radar Network.
Flood forecasting
Weather radar
Flood warning
Cite
Citations (57)
Abstract Through utilizing weather radar measurements, the present research explores the possibility of applying a coupled distributed hydrological model with reservoir operations to flood forecasting and control in the Okutone basin, located in the upstream region of the Tone River. The Tone River basin often suffers from heavy rainfall events as a result of rainy season frontal activity, typhoons and cumulus cloud activity associated with the local circulation. The reservoirs located in the Okutone basin play an important role in flood regulation. The simulation of a flood event in August 2001 shows the potential applicability of the distributed hydrological model and weather radar measurements for real‐time flood control. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flood forecasting
Weather radar
Typhoon
Flood control
HEC-HMS
Cite
Citations (116)
The A&M Watershed Model will soon be capable of improved weather radar supported real-time flood forecasting and reservoir operations. Improvement in the scheme for inputting radar data will save a significant amount of operation time and effort. Other expanded capabilities will include the ability to calibrate radar data to measured precipitation data while running the model. It will also be possible to calibrate computed hydrographs to measured hydrographs during operation.
Flood forecasting
Hydrological modelling
Vflo
Weather radar
HEC-HMS
Cite
Citations (0)
ABSTRACT HEC1F is a computer program for making short‐ to medium‐term forecasts of uncontrolled flood runoff. The program employs unit hydrographs and hydrologic routing to simulate runoff from a subdivided basin. Estimates of future rainfall can be accommodated. Runoff parameters for gaged headwater subbasins can be estimated (optimized) in real time. Blending of calculated with observed hydrographs can be performed. HEC1F is a component of an on‐line software system that includes capability for data acquisition and processing, precipitation analysis, streamflow forecasting, reservoir system analysis, and graphical display of data and simulation results. The conceptual framework for HEC1F is described, and application of the program is illustrated.
Flood forecasting
Vflo
HEC-HMS
Hydrological modelling
Cite
Citations (9)