Transcriptomic insights into the regulatory networks of chilling-induced early flower in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
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Appropriate timing of flowering is pivotal for tobacco, while chilling stress occurring at the seedling stage often undesirably leads to early flowering. However, the potential mechanism underlying chilling-induced early flowering remains unknown. Here, transcriptome sequencing was performed in tobacco with or without chilling at both seedling and budding stages. Chilling affected the expression of numerous genes at the seedling stage, while these dramatic expression changes were largely eliminated at the budding stage. A small number of genes related to metabolism, flower development, and stress tolerance continued to keep their altered expression patterns from the seedling stage to the budding stage. Many potential flowering-related genes involved in flowering pathways were identified and over half of them were differentially expressed. Functional analysis revealed that the down-regulation of NbXTH22 rendered tobacco less sensitive to chilling-induced early flowering. These results provide valuable resources for the investigation of flowering regulatory mechanisms and contribute to the genetic improvement of crops.Keywords:
Budding
In order to explore the best seedling cultivating method of sweetpotato,the influences of mulching treatment and no mulching treatments on emergence characteristics of three sweetpotato varieties( Luoshu 10,Guangshu 87,Shangshu 19) such as seedling stage,full emergence stage,seeding number,100-seedling weight,etc. were studied under the big arch shed and small arch shed conditions. The results showed that compared to the no mulching treatments in big arch shed,the seedling stage and full emergence stage of mulching treatment were 3 d and 1—2 d earlier,respectively; seedling number of mulching treatment increased by 17. 4% —35. 2%,and the 100-seedling weight decreased by 1. 9% —4. 1%. Compared to the no mulching treatments in small arch shed,seedling stage and full emergence stage of mulching treatment were 1—2 d and 1 d earlier respectively,seedling number increased by 12. 1% —31. 0%,and the weight of 100-seedling decreased by 1. 2% —4. 3%. Compared to small arch shed treatment,seedling stage and full emergence stage advanced,seedling number and 100-seedling weight increased in big arch shed. Under the same seedling raising method,the seedling stage and full emergence stage of Shangshu 19 were earlier than that of Luoshu 10,Luoshu 10 were earlier than that of Guangshu 87; seedling number of Shangshu 19 was the highest,which of Guangshu 87 was lower; 100-seedling weight of Luoshu 10 was the highest. In summary,the seedling formation period and seedling number of big arch shed treatment of three sweetpotato varieties were better than that of the small arch shed treatment,which of mulching treatments were better than that of the no mulching treatments.
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The aim of the research was to discuss the factors that affected the survival rate of peach seedling,the percentage of seedling-selling and seedling growth.T-shaped budding and shield bud grafting with wood were used for peach grafting experiment at 3 stages.The effects of grafting methods and time on survival rate of grafting,the utilization rate of rootstock and scions,and the lifting rate of seedling in the current year were studied.After grafting for 20 d,the survival rate of seedling with T-shaped budding was higher than that of shield bud grafting with wood.The survival rate of seedling grafted in June 6th～16th was higher.The utilization rate of rootstock and scions with shield bud grafting with wood were higher than that with T-shaped budding and increased gradually with the delay of grafting time.The utilization rate of rootstock and scions with T-shaped budding were low in early stage and higher in late stage.The seedling rate and first-grade rate with T-shaped budding were higher.Shield bud grafting with wood had more seedling number and the number of first-grade seedling per unit area in nursery.The research provided scientific basis for mass and rapid breeding of seedlings in the production.
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The new seedling agent- ZS1 #、ZS2 #、ZS3 #, which are the mixture consisted of different plant growth regulators and fungicide, are applied to growth of rice seedling with using plastics seedling on the basis of the preliminary test study of plant growth regulators GA、NAA、6-BA、PG 1and PG 2 on the growth of rice seedling by soaking seed. The results of the test study shows: (1) the average stalk wide of rice seedling by using ZS # is raised by 28.4%～65.1% compared with CK (soaking seed with water); (2) the average root number of rice seedling is raised by nearly 100%, the ratio of the white root is raised by 94.9% ～139.7% compared with CK; (3) the tillering of rice seedling is promoted by using ZS2 #、ZS3 #;(4) the weight of the dry rice seedling is raised by above 20% and the ratio of the weight of dry rice seedling to the height of rice seedling is raised by 7.8%～35.2% compared with CK. Rice seedling is stronger and it is advantage to the rice seedling growth later by using the new seedling-agent.
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Several species of grasses which have different ratings for seedling vigor were examined for rapidity of germination, seedling growth rates in the dark, and the ultimate length of dark grown seedlings. These are attributes which could be of importance in seedling vigor during the early, nonphotosynthetic stage of seedling growth. Extreme rapidity of germination largely accounts for the high seedling vigor of Schismus arabicus. In three species and strains of Phalaris, there were indications that rapidity of germination and mean seedling growth rates paralleled their rating for seedling vigor. No relation appeared to exist between total seedling length adjusted to a common seed weight and rating for seedling vigor.
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Effect of seedling type and early transplanting of summer grown seedling on the growth and yield of tomato was investigated to minimize problems caused by legginess of seedling in summer. Grafted seedling, 20 days seedling (young seedling), 40 days seedling, and rooted cutting were raised from July 20 to Sept. 7 and young seedling was transplanted 20 days earlier than other seedling types. Young seedling growth was weaker than other seedling types and fresh weight was only 1/10 of 40 days seedling. Growth of young seedling at 20 days after transplanting was better than other seedling types and fresh weight was 3 times higher than 40 days seedling. Creased stem did not appear and trusses developed faster in young seedling. Total yield and commercial yield were highest in young seedling as 8,535 kg/10a, and 7,575 kg/10a. There is no significant difference among seedling types in fruit quality. This result shows that early transplanting of summer grown seedling is more effective to attain stable growth and yield in tomato.
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Abstract The study of gene expression (i.e., the study of the transcriptome) in different cells and tissues allows us to understand the molecular mechanisms of their differentiation, development and functioning. In this article, we describe some studies of gene-expression profiling for the purposes of understanding developmental (age-related) changes in the brain using different technologies (e.g., DNA-Microarray) and the new and increasingly popular RNA-Seq. We focus on advancements in studies of gene expression in the human brain, which have provided data on the structure and age-related variability of the transcriptome in the brain. We present data on RNA-Seq of the transcriptome in three distinct areas of the neocortex from different ages: mature and elderly individuals. We report that most age-related transcriptional changes affect cellular signaling systems, and, as a result, the transmission of nerve impulses. In general, the results demonstrate the high potential of RNA-Seq for the study of distinctive features of gene expression among cortical areas and the changes in expression through normal and atypical development of the central nervous system.
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Plastic seedling-raising dish is as a way of floating seedling indispensable infrastructure.Long-term chemical manufacturing not only pollutes the ecological environment,also causes the increase of the seedling cost.In order to reduce the cost of seedling and cultivated qualified seedling,effects of different seedling plate height and seedling density on the seedlings growth and the occurrence of pest and disease were studied,and economic benefits of simple and portable seedling were analyzed as well.Results showed that comprehensive physiological and biochemical indexes of seedlings plate with 5cm height,seedling density of 160plants/dish seedling-rasing disks and tobacco seedlings root developed,seedling plants robust,and the low disease rate,comprehensive physiological and biochemical indexes were superior to the conventional seedling disks and tobacco seedlings,the economic benefit increased by 1.95RMB/dish,and could become environmental protection material seedling dish of the specifications of the development of dwarf reference index
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This paper made a comprehensive study on the influence of seedling-transplanting of Davidia involucrata on its growth of seedling stage, seedling percent and merchantable seedling qualified percent, selectively determined the best technical method of seedling-transplanting. Developing seedling transplanting can increase the seedling percent with average 2.5 times than seed-nurserying; average height of seedling is over 25cm with an increase of 27.8% on the same place and with same field-managing method in the low hilly mountain area. On the contrast to the original place with high elevation, seedling percent is increased with average nearly 4 times and seedling height over 2 times.
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Effect of different ratio of adhensive in seedling clod on the seedling growth and quantity of cucumber was studied by using the No.1 bilong seedling.The results showed that the different ratio of the adhensives in seedling clod influenced greatly the seedling quantities of cucumber,increasing of the ratio of the adhesive reduced the seedling quantity of cucumber and rate of clod dispersion.The treatment of the volume ratio of 110 matrix to 1 adhesive had the best seedling quantity and seedling clod formation,the seedling quantity and seedling clod formation of the treatment of the volume ratio of 100 matrix to 1 adhesive was better and that of the volume ratio of 80 matrix to 1 adhesive was the worst.
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Tobacco floating seedling and moist seedling were compared in this paper.The results showed that the seedling quality of the moist seedling was much higher than that of floating seedling.The moist seedling produced the better seedling with more fresh and dry weight of the seedling,well developed roots,good root activity,enhanced the activities of CAT,POD,SOD,MDA,the Protein content.So the moist seedling shortened the resuscitation period after transplanting.So the moist seedling was suitable for use in Panzhihua Sichuan Tobacco Area
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