Diffusion coefficient analysis of aluminum electrolysis spent cathode as anode material for lithium-ion battery
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Electrochemical kinetics
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In this article, we cross-examine three well-established electrochemical approaches, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV), cyclic square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to dissect the electron transfer (ET) rate of electrostatically immobilized cytochrome c on Ag electrodes. A detailed analysis supported by simulations of redox transition provided three distinct values for the heterogeneous electron transfer (HET) rate constant of cyt c interfaced on COOH-terminated C10-long alkanethiol, i.e., kHET= 47.8 (±2,91) s−1 in CV, kHET= 64.8 (±1,27) s−1 in SWV, and kHET= 26.5 s−1 in EIS. We discuss the obtained discrepancies obtained from electrochemical methods and compare them with the data from spectro-electrochemical experiments. A comprehensive selection list is created from which the most applicable approach can be chosen for studying proteins of interest. CV is most applicable to study the interfaced proteins exhibiting kHET of ca. 0.5 - 70 s−1, SWV is suitable for a broader range of kHET of 5 – 120 s−1 and EIS for kHET of 0.5 to 5 s−1 if alkanethiols are used as immobilization strategy.
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Characterization
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Sputtered thin-film electrodes (STFEs) of micro fabricated PMMA-chips for ITP [] and CE [] are characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). It is shown that the fabrication process strongly influences the electrochemical behavior of STFEs.
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The interactions of Meldola's Blue(MB) and DNA were studied by cyclic voltammetry(CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).A couple of cyclic voltammetric peaks of MB decreased after MB interacted with dsDNA in the solution.The interaction between MB and dsDNA was an electrostatic mode.While MB interacted with ssDNA or dsDNA modified on the glassy carbon electrode,the peak currents of MB increased and the formal potential shifted negatively.Based on cyclic voltammetry,the binding constants of MB and ssDNA or dsDNA modified on the electrodes were determined to be 3.4×103 L·mol-1 and 5.2×103 L·mol-1,respectively.The electrostatic interaction existed between MB and surface-immobilized ssDNA,and both electrostatic and intercalative interactions occurred between MB and surface-immobilized dsDNA,which implied that MB might be used as a potential electrochemical DNA hybridization indicator.The experimental result of EIS was in consistent with that of CV.
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We present in this work a study of the electrochemical behaviour of terthiophene and its corresponding polymer, which is obtained electrochemically as a film by cyclic voltammetry (CV) on platinum electrode. The analysis focuses essentially on the effect of two solvents acetonitrile and dichloromethane on the electrochemical behaviour of the obtained polymer. The electrochemical behavior of this material was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The voltammograms show that the film of polyterthiophene can oxide and reduce in two solutions; in acetonitrile, the oxidation current intensity is more important than in dichloromethane. The impedance plots show the semicircle which is characteristic of charge-transfer resistance at the electrode/polymer interface at high frequency and the diffusion process at low frequency.
Dichloromethane
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As a population the reliance on portable electronics and rapid development in electric vehicles in order to combat global warming has caused researchers to search for materials that exhibit excellent energy storage properties. Thin film MnO 2 deposits have been observed to exhibit these properties and has become a popular research material for capacitors and batteries. In this project a method was developed in which the mass change for a thin film of MnO 2 during electrochemical experiments could be observed. It was conducted by depositing MnO 2 onto a platinum quartz crystal, by doing this it allowed for the mass change throughout the deposition process to be recorded providing a better understanding of the deposition mechanism. Once the MnO 2 was deposited the EQCM was used as a working electrode throughout further electrochemical testing which included cyclic voltammetry (CV), step potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) while recording the mass change throughout each test. Cyclic voltammetry was conducted with a 25mV sweep from 0 - 0.8V for 250 cycles. By doing this the capacitive performance of the material was determined, however, by recording the mass change throughout the experiment it was possible to determine if there were faradaic, non-faradaic process occurring on the surface of the electrode affecting the charge storage mechanism and to observe sample stability throughout cycling. SPECS and EIS immediately followed the cycling which allowed for the observation of the maximum charge storage capability of the material and the mechanism in which the material stores energy. The impedance data allows for the analysis of the charge transfer mechanism and the various interfacial resistance and capacitance at the electrode-electrolyte interface. This technique has allowed for significantly greater understanding of the processes that the electrode materials are undergoing throughout the experiments and can be used as a powerful tool in various aspects of electrochemical analysis. Figure 1
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