Self-Assembled Pt-Cofe Layered Double Hydroxides for Efficient Alkaline Water/Seawater Splitting by Spontaneous Redox Synthesis
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The development of high-performance, low-cost and large-scale water/seawater splitting bifunctional electrocatalysts still faces huge challenges. Here, we deliver a novel and simple spontaneous redox synthesis strategy to fabricate a self-supported Pt-CoFe(II) layered double hydroxide (LDH) electrocatalyst. The three-dimensional porous structure of the catalyst and the synergistic effect of Pt clusters and CoFe hydroxides jointly contribute to its excellent catalytic activity and enhanced chemical stability. Specifically, in 1 M KOH, the overpotentials for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of Pt-CoFe(II) LDH at 10 mA cm -2 are 214 mV and 15 mV, respectively. The catalysts are stable for at least 40 hours at high current densities of 100 and 500 mA cm -2 . Compared with previously reported electrocatalysts, Pt-CoFe(II) LDHs || Pt-CoFe(II) LDHs overall water (seawater) electrolyzers only require 1.634 (1.651) and 1.798 (1.858) V to reach 100 and 500 mA cm -2 in 1 M KOH water (seawater) electrolyte, confirming the superior catalytic activity of the self-supported Pt-CoFe(II) layered double hydroxide electrocatalysts. This study provides a novel and simple synthesis strategy to prepare advanced water/seawater splitting electrocatalysts, which is highly relevant for commercial applications.Keywords:
Layered double hydroxides
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Abstract Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are one of the nano ordered layered compounds. The importance of layered compound is based on their ability to retain chemical species with electrical charges compatible to those of the layers. They may be used in areas such as catalysis, industry, medicine, environmental protection, construction etc. Layered double hydroxides are anionic clays comprising positively charged layers with anions and water molecules intercalated in the interlayer region. The aim of this work was to obtain Cu and/or Ni substituted layered double hydroxides with different micromorphology characteristics. The obtained results pointed out that the relationship between LDHs composition and their textural properties can be controlled. The layered double hydroxides samples were fabricated by using direct coprecipitation method. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to study the textural characteristics and the structural characteristics of the samples.
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The multi-outlets were installed on the existing seawater exchange breakwater in order to improve seawater exchange rate at Jumunjin harbor. Physical and numerical model system were fulfilled for 4 cases to evaluate seawater exchange system which is able to discharge water remotely. The seawater circulation pattern and seawater exchange rate in the harbor were compared and analyzed. Consequently, total seawater exchange rate for CASE 1 was calculated 48% due to the dead zones which hinder seawater circulation in the harbor. Otherwise, the seawater exchange rates of CASE 2, CASE 3, and CASE 4 with the installation of the system were enhanced 19%, 15% and 17%, respectively compare to CASE 1.
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Layered Double Hydroxides(LDHs) are lamellar mixed hydroxides.Many researchers started to pay attention to the LDHs for its high surface area and anion exchange capacities.And the application of the LDHs become popular.In the paper,we studied the composition,structure,synthesis,characterization and application of the LDHs.
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Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) or LDHs matrices used for water treatment have been reviewed in this article. These aggregated nanoparticles can be obtained by sol-gel, hydrothermal or coprecipitation method, therefore their shape, size, properties (such as magnetic, acido-bazic, red-ox, texture and assembly) and applications are tailored as a function of synthesis method and process parameters respectively. Among other materials used in water treatment we chose layered double hydroxides generally named LDHs or in particular case hydrotalcites (MgAlLDHs). During calcination layered structure is destroyed giving rise to new structures like mixed oxides partially crystallized. LDHs and calcined LDHs type materials were able to uptake selected products. An important issue for removal of undesirable species for human health was M2+/M3+ cation ratio. Results show a better uptake of anionic compounds for thermally activated LDHs due to their “memory effect”. A large variety of LDHs was investigated in order to demonstrate their adsorption capacity for anionic compounds, cations, gas compounds even microorganisms. Nowadays one of the atractive issues of nanoscience is both the synthesis of these nanostructures and the assembly and organization way but the interest of scientists is to find new properties and applications in order to protect the environment. These cost effective, eco-friendly materials revealed new opportunities for waste water treatment.
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Layered double hydroxides
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Water multi-utilization pattern system is of great significance for seawater utilization and the reduction of waste seawater discharge of aquaculture. However, the change analysis of seawater quality in the water multi-utilization pattern system is little reported. The water multi-utilization pattern system of Cynoglossus semilaevis-Penaeus vannamei-Artemia-ocean chemical industry was employed to determine the changes of seawater quality. Results showed that with seawater utilized continuously, pH, inorganic N and P, organic N, total N and COD concentrations were all increased significantly(p0.05),which indicated that aqua-cultivation can lowering seawater quality significantly. Compared with continuous increase of organic N, total N and COD concentrations, inorganic N and P concentrations of seawater changed in the wave-shaped patterns,showing significantly higher than those of un-utilized seawater(p0.01). Wave-shaped patterns probably resulted from the organic N and P utilization by living beings in seawater. With seawater salinity increasing, the increase of organic N, total N and COD concentrations boosted greatly, which suggested that self-cleaning capacity of seawater was inhibited obviously.Compared with un-utilized seawater, organic N, total N and COD concentrations of seawater in Artemia cultivating pond increased by 6.27, 6.15 and 3.90 times respectively. Based on change rules of seawater, the seawater quality demands of components in water multi-utilization pattern systems should decrease in turn. At the same time, high efficient cultivating and cleaning technologies are also needed to improve seawater quality.
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Layered double hydroxides( LDHs) are a class of layered-column compounds consisted by hydroxides of positively charged and exchanged anions in the layers. The application of LDHs on the field of water treatment has drawn widespread concern,recently. Synthetic methods of LDHs and the application of LDHs on the treatment of anions in waste water were reviewed in this paper,and then development direction of LDHs was looking forward.
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Mg/Al layered Double Hydroxides is one kind of new inorganic materials.Recently,layered Double Hydroxides and its calcined product have got a good effect on the removal of organic pollutants and nocuousness anions from wastewater,and SOx treatment.
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