Spam: a shadow history of the Internet
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What spam is, how it works, and how it has shaped online communities and the Internet itself. The vast majority of all email sent every day is spam, a variety of idiosyncratically spelled requests to provide account information, invitations to spend money on dubious products, and pleas to send cash overseas. Most of it is caught by filters before ever reaching an in-box. Where does it come from? As Finn Brunton explains in Spam, it is produced and shaped by many different populations around the world: programmers, con artists, bots and their botmasters, pharmaceutical merchants, marketers, identity thieves, crooked bankers and their victims, cops, lawyers, network security professionals, vigilantes, and hackers. Every time we go online, we participate in the system of spam, with choices, refusals, and purchases the consequences of which we may not understand. This is a book about what spam is, how it works, and what it means. Brunton provides a cultural history that stretches from pranks on early computer networks to the construction of a global criminal infrastructure. The history of spam, Brunton shows us, is a shadow history of the Internet itself, with spam emerging as the mirror image of the online communities it targets. Brunton traces spam through three epochs: the 1970s to 1995, and the early, noncommercial computer networks that became the Internet; 1995 to 2003, with the dot-com boom, the rise of spam's entrepreneurs, and the first efforts at regulating spam; and 2003 to the present, with the war of algorithms-spam versus anti-spam. Spam shows us how technologies, from email to search engines, are transformed by unintended consequences and adaptations, and how online communities develop and invent governance for themselves.Topics:
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Internet Privacy is a matter of grave concern as there is an exponential growth in our digital footprints. Most internet users are not aware of what internet privacy is, and some are not concerned at all. With the growth of cybercrime, internet users must know what internet privacy is and why they should be aware of it. Genuine information or credentials shared online between an internet user and an internet-based service might be intercepted by hackers maliciously or even government bodies legally, can be used for any malicious intent. Some of the recent cases of data breaches support this, making it one of the most critical reasons for internet users hesitant in trusting any internet-based service. The paper gives an idea that the more an internet user is aware of what internet privacy is, chances are the more he/she will be able to trust any internet-based service since the internet is the new platform for social as well as professional trading.
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In the era of the global world, everyone thrives to share their personal life and credentials online through different sites. The Internet has become an essential use of our daily life in order to email, sharing of documents, research, bank transactions and even basic life activities on different social media mediums. Since the rapid evolution in the of technology is taking over the globe in last few decades in making human's life easier through easy and rapid actions, there is dire need to be sure of how much our credentials are safe with the parties that we are sharing the data. Internet frauds, cyber-attacks and third parties monitoring the data is the cause of serious concern of the first-hand user of the internet. The basic internet users do not even follow the basic safety precautions or are even unaware of the risk that the internet caring while sharing personal details. This paper suggests the basic internet users minimize the threats and risks that internet caries while sharing the data. Different tools and techniques are discussed in this study that can be used to protect the privacy of user from unauthorized, attackers and third-parties. It is the need of the hour to motivate and educate internet users to safe browsing and to enhance the internet user experience. This paper elaborates the maximum number of precautions the internet user can take to secure and enjoy safe browsing.
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The objective of this paper is to estimate the statistics surrounding the most common security threats faced by Internet users. There is an estimated of more than two billion Internet users worldwide, therefore it is important to know what security threats your computer may be vulnerable to while using the Internet. Threats discussed in this paper will include spam, phishing, computer viruses, hackers, and spyware/malware. The current percentage of Incidents as they are related to different regions of the world discusses the severity of each threat, by using suitable statistical techniques. Due to the large number of Internet users, it is probable that many of them are unaware of these threats and what they can and should be doing to protect themselves. Most importantly this paper will discuss about threats. A user can take to defend themselves against these threats and known vulnerabilities. With identity theft on the rise, it is imperative to understand Internet security threats now more than ever.
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These years have witnessed the rapid growing of internet,and we are stepping into a new age-Internet Age.But the privacy on human rights that followed has become the hot issue.This essay tries to expose the privacy focusing on the human rights under the internet age.It illuminates the right of privacy in internet age through the origin of privacy.By the comparison of traditional understanding of privacy and expedition of privacy under internet age,the essay concludes that the right of privacy will be transmitted by internet and will influence the development of internet as well.
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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: The paper presents an overview of Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs), and its core concepts, life cycle and characteristic features. In addition, the key factors; actors, targets and motives of an APT were highlighted in detail. The critical challenges currently facing organizations due to APT attacks on its systems, networks and IT infrastructure were critically examined. Lastly, the potential strategies for mitigating APTs were identified and highlighted. The findings demonstrated that an APT is a series of long term, covert and persistent cyber threats that target, penetrate and exploit organizations, businesses or states to acquire valuable proprietary (industrial espionage) data or political reasons (activism) resulting in losses of over USD$500 Billion annually. Consequently, the prevalence and sophistication of APTs have soared astronomically accounting for 39% of all cyber-attacks on computer networks. Furthermore, the potential damage from APTs is responsible for 60-65% downtime, network disruption, and financial losses. Hence, the potentially damaging effects of APTs, has prompted various organizations to invest in cyber security programs and other mitigation strategies to timely detect, prevent and eradicate future APT attacks. The paper reveals that APTs can be mitigated by deploying computer analytics, network security mechanisms such as the "defense in depth" (D-in-D), network traffic introspection, and endpoint security measures. However, other strategies include the deployment of Advanced Persistent Security measures. In conclusion, the paper reveal that APTs pose significant threats to global computer networks and require considerable resources, and investment to forestall future problems.
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