Developmental coupling of cerebral blood flow and fMRI fluctuations in youth
Erica B. BallerAlessandra M. ValcarcelAzeez AdebimpeAaron Alexander‐BlochZaixu CuiRuben C. GurRaquel E. GurBart LarsenKristin A. LinnCarly M. O’DonnellAdam PinesArmin RaznahanDavid R. RoalfValerie J. SydnorTinashe M. TaperaM. Dylan TisdallSimon VandekarCedric Huchuan XiaJohn A. DetreRussell T. ShinoharaTheodore D. Satterthwaite
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Abstract:
The functions of the human brain are metabolically expensive and reliant on coupling between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neural activity, yet how this coupling evolves over development remains unexplored. Here, we examine the relationship between CBF, measured by arterial spin labeling, and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) from resting-state magnetic resonance imaging across a sample of 831 children (478 females, aged 8-22 years) from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. We first use locally weighted regressions on the cortical surface to quantify CBF-ALFF coupling. We relate coupling to age, sex, and executive functioning with generalized additive models and assess network enrichment via spin testing. We demonstrate regionally specific changes in coupling over age and show that variations in coupling are related to biological sex and executive function. Our results highlight the importance of CBF-ALFF coupling throughout development; we discuss its potential as a future target for the study of neuropsychiatric diseases.Keywords:
Brain Development
Most of functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI)studies have employed task-related paradigm to explore brain response to an external stimulus.However,the brain is very active in the absence of any specific experimental tasks and the spontaneous activity exhibits coherent low-frequency synchrony.Studies on resting-state brain activity have provided insight into the intrinsic activity mechanism of the brain.In this study we review recent popular methods on resting-state functional connectivity and their preliminary applications to clinical diseases.
Stimulus (psychology)
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Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging brain imaging technique. Recent fNIRS studies confirm that the intrinsic fluctuation can be robustly detected by functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the phenomenon is also termed as resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). However, functional connectivity exists not only during the resting state. Therefore, one important question is that whether the functional connectivity patterns during both states are consistent. In this paper, we investigate the functional connectivity during both resting state and task state. The comparison result suggests that the functional connectivity patterns revealed by fNIRS signal during both states are similar.
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy
Functional Imaging
Dynamic functional connectivity
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Functional Brain Imaging
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Neural Activity
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The inquisitiveness about what happens in the brain has been there since the beginning of humankind. Functional magnetic resonance imaging is a prominent tool which helps in the non-invasive examination, localisation as well as lateralisation of brain functions such as language, memory, etc. In recent years, there is an apparent shift in the focus of neuroscience research to studies dealing with a brain at 'resting state'. Here the spotlight is on the intrinsic activity within the brain, in the absence of any sensory or cognitive stimulus. The analyses of functional brain connectivity in the state of rest have revealed different resting state networks, which depict specific functions and varied spatial topology. However, different statistical methods have been introduced to study resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, yet producing consistent results. In this article, we introduce the concept of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging in detail, then discuss three most widely used methods for analysis, describe a few of the resting state networks featuring the brain regions, associated cognitive functions and clinical applications of resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging. This review aims to highlight the utility and importance of studying resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity, underlining its complementary nature to the task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging.
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