Plasma arc welding of dissimilar ultrahigh-strength steel and aluminum alloy assisted by copper transition layer
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Transition layer
Plasma arc welding
There were three connection methods of thermal plasma arc,which were transferred arc,non-transferred arc and combined arc.The effects of different connection methods of thermal plasma arc on hardening depth of steel were studied.The experimental results show that transferred arc and combined arc have higher heating efficiency and larger hardening depth compared with non-transferred arc.But the arc stability of the combined arc and non-transferred arc with smaller orifice diameter is higher than that of transferred arc,and they are more suitable for the hardening treatment by plasma arc.
Plasma arc welding
Hardening (computing)
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Objective: To explore the occupational hazards caused by three kinds of welding operations, and to provide data support for individual protection. Methods: In October 2020, the welding fumes, metal elements and welding arc generated by three welding operations of argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , manual welding (ZS60A welding rod) and carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux cored wire) were collected and measured in the welding laboratory. The samples were analyze and compare in the laboratory, and the differences of the occupational hazard factors of the three welding operations were judged. Results: The concentration of welding fume produced by carbon dioxide shielded welding, manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , and argon gas shielded welding (JS80 welding wires) were 6.80 mg/m(3), 6.17 mg/m(3), and 3.13 mg/m(3), respectively. The effective irradiance of the welding arc outside the welding mask from high to low is manual welding (ZS60A electrode) , carbon dioxide shielded welding (907A flux-cored welding wire) , and argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) , respectively 1 010.7, 740.9, 589.5 μW/cm(2). The long-wave ultraviolet UVA intensity generated by argon shielded welding (JS80 welding wire) is the largest, which is 1 500 μW/cm(2). The content of Mn in the three welding operations is the highest, and JS80 welding wire has the highest Mn content of 128493.2 mg/kg. 907A flux cored wire has the highest Ti content, which is 24355.5mg/kg. The electrode ZS60A has the highest Cu content, which is 24422.12 mg/kg. Conclusion: The intensity of occupational hazards is different in the three kinds of welding operations, so the methods of personal protective equipment, field exposure assessment and health monitoring should be more targeted.目的： 探索不同焊接作业产生的职业病危害因素情况，为个体防护提供数据支持。 方法： 于2020年10月，在焊接实验室内采用模拟实验方法分析氩气保护焊（JS80焊丝）与手工焊（ZS60A焊条）和二氧化碳保护焊（907A药芯焊丝）焊接作业产生的职业危害因素，现场对电焊烟尘、金属元素和电焊弧光进行测量，并对测量结果进行统计学分析。 结果： 二氧化碳保护焊（907A药芯焊丝）、手工焊（ZS60A焊条）、氩气保护焊（JS80焊丝）的电焊烟尘浓度分别为6.80、6.17、3.13 mg/m(3)。焊接面罩外电焊弧光有效辐照度由高到低为手工焊（ZS60A焊条）、二氧化碳保护焊（907A药芯焊丝）、氩气保护焊（JS80焊丝），分别为1 010.7、740.9、589.5 μW/cm(2)；氩气保护焊（JS80焊丝）产生的长波紫外辐射（UVA）强度最大，为1 500 μW/cm(2)。3种焊接作业锰的空气中检测浓度最高，JS80焊丝锰最高，为128 493.2 mg/kg；907A药芯焊丝含钛最高，为24 355.5 mg/kg；ZS60A焊条含铜最高，为24 422.12 mg/kg。 结论： 不同焊接作业及不同种类焊材产生的职业危害因素强度不同，应更有针对性的选择个人防护装备、现场暴露评估和健康监护的方式。.
Shielded cable
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The arc shape and metal transfer mode of Plasma-GMAW have direct relationship with quality of weld,using different forms of electrode connection,such as DCSP and DCRP,the arc shape and metal transfer modes are different.This paper mainly introduces the different arc shapes,metal transfer modes,compositions of arc and temperature distribution in plasma-GMAW with different electrode connection forms at present;by the research of static characteristics of metal plasma arc,it finds that metal current isn't decided by the voltage between wire and workpiece,but by the potentiometer of plasma arc between tip and wire end,and decides the current direction.
Plasma arc welding
Arc blow
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On the basis of summarizing experimental results, the existing form of pilot arc and its stabilizing mechanism on main arc in plasma arc welding are discussed. To solve the problem of interference between main arc and pilot arc and improve the stability of main arc, all possible ways such as adopting noncontinuous or alternating pilot arc or making main arc and pilot arc have different current passages and detailed measures are proposed.
Plasma arc welding
Arc blow
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Describes measurements of the temperature distribution and the composition of the plasma-MIG arc system using optical spectroscopy. It is found that the central part of the arc contains the elements Fe, Mn, Cu, Ca and Ar at a temperature of about 7000K. The outer regions of the arc show only argon spectral lines and have much higher temperature value ( approximately=13000K). From these measurements a number of conclusions can be drawn about the physical properties of the plasma-MIG welding arc. The most important conclusion is that only a very small part of the wire current flows through the bright inner arc.
Plasma arc welding
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Arc burning time is the time interval from arc burning until arc quenching, which is one of the main symbol parameters of the arc plasma characteristic. As the length of arc burning time can do great influence on the arc energy and the two-phase change process of the break arc directly, it is significant for us to do some researches on its influence factors and change laws. To take the DC break arc between the low power relay contacts for an example, the paper studied the arc burning processes of two typical arc plasma - high purity nitrogen arc and air arc. When the relay contacts break resistant or inductive loads, it gained the relationships between the arc burning time with different atmospheres and load characters, as well as the change laws of arc burning time with the change of arc current and voltage. It also gives some deep analysis and discussions on the experimental results, which combined with the physical mechanism of two-phase change process of the break arc. Finally the paper built a basic mathematics model of arc burning time on the typical arc plasma, which can be helpful for the researchers to know more information about the arc burning process.
Plasma arc welding
Electric arc
Pre-charge
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Arc motion along parallel arc runners tightly enclosed by lateral walls was investigated experimentally, both with and without an exhaust barrier at the outlet. High speed movies (33 000 frames/s) were taken and the gas pressure was measured at several locations along the path of arc motion. The measurements show how both arc shape and motion depend on the parameters arc length (5-15 mm) and exhaust constriction. In many cases both arc shape and arc motion were influenced by a plasma volume forming a "nose" in front of the arc next to one of the electrodes. Spontaneous formation of an anode spot and/or a cathode spot in front of the arc may ignite a parallel current path and initiate a commutation process. The plasma volume in front of the arc is less significant at low electrode distance, high arc current, high blast field, and in more realistic chamber geometries with an exhaust barrier. Cold gas shock waves hitting the arc strongly influence both arc motion and shape. Simulation of arc motion may be a helpful tool in order to save expensive experiments when designing low voltage miniature circuit breakers. The high speed movies showed that the arc motion is sometimes strongly influenced by commutation processes requiring a very complex arc model.
Plasma arc welding
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The rules of arc shape and mechanical characteristic variated with the variation of the welding parameters and the mechanical characteristic of the variable polarity plasma arc were investigated.It was proved that the combined plasma arc tended to form the double arc,using the high-speed photograph and by detecting synchronously force and current of the arc.The experimental results had great indicative significances to the technology stability and process control in the variable polarity plasma arc welding on middle-thickness aluminum plate.
Plasma arc welding
Polarity (international relations)
Arc blow
Arc length
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Summary form only given. The twin torch plasma arc has a high temperature arc medium. It can generate high temperature and treat nonconducting material, even though it is a non-transfer type. Therefore, the twin torch plasma arc is a more effective device for treatment of hazardous waste. However, the arc mode is not easy to control in the twin torch plasma arc. In addition, the appropriate arc mode for waste treatment made by the angle of electrode nozzle and arc current has not been researched. In this paper, the arc length, distance between the center of arc, temperature distribution and Lorentz force were evaluated as a function of the angle of electrode nozzle and current. As a result, the arc length and distance between the center of arc were lengthened because the Lorentz force becomes strong with increasing the current. The high temperature area of arc was expanded. The angle of electrode nozzle for high efficient waste treatment was estimated
Torch
Plasma arc welding
Plasma torch
Electric arc
Lorentz force
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