Managing CBRN mass casualty incidents at hospitals—Find a simple solution for a complex problem: A pilot study
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Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) incidents are a major challenge for emergency medical services and the involved hospitals, especially if decontamination needs to be performed nearby or even within the hospital campus. The University Hospital Wuerzburg has developed a comprehensive and alternative CBRN response plan. The focus of this study was to proof the practicability of the concept, the duration of the decontamination process, and the temperature management.The entire decontamination area can be deployed 24/7 by the hospitals technical staff. Fire and rescue services are responsible for the decontamination process itself. This study was designed as full-scale exercise with 30 participants.The decontamination area was ready for operation within 30 minutes. The decontamination of the four simulated patients took 5.5 ± 0.6 minutes (mean ± SD). At the end of the decontamination process, the temperature of the undressed upper body of the training patients was 27.25 ± 1°C (81.05 ± 2°F) (mean ± SD) and the water in the shower was about 35°C (95°F).The presented concept is comprehensive and simple for a best possible care during CBRN incidents at hospitals. It ensures wet decontamination by Special Forces, while the technical requirements are created by the hospital.Keywords:
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Mass casualty decontamination is a public health intervention that would be employed by emergency responders following a chemical, biological, or radiological incident. The decontamination of large numbers of casualties is currently most often performed with water to remove contaminants from the skin surface. An online survey was conducted to explore US fire departments' decontamination practices and their preparedness for responding to incidents involving mass casualty decontamination. Survey respondents were asked to provide details of various aspects of their decontamination procedures, including expected response times to reach casualties, disrobing procedures, approaches to decontamination, characteristics of the decontamination showering process, provision for special populations, and any actions taken following decontamination. The aim of the survey was to identify any differences in the way in which decontamination guidance is implemented across US states. Results revealed that, in line with current guidance, many US fire departments routinely use the "ladder-pipe system" for conducting rapid, gross decontamination of casualties. The survey revealed significant variability in ladder-pipe construction, such as the position and number of fire hoses used. There was also variability in decontamination characteristics, such as water temperature and water pressure, detergent use, and shower duration. The results presented here provide important insights into the ways in which implementation of decontamination guidance can vary between US states. These inconsistencies are thought to reflect established perceived best practices and local adaptation of response plans to address practical and logistical constraints. These outcomes highlight the need for evidence-based national guidelines for conducting mass casualty decontamination.
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Burn experts estimate that 20–30 per cent of injuries from mass casualty events result in serious burns, many requiring specialised care only available at burn centres. Yet, in the USA there are less then 1,850 burn beds available to provide such a level and quality of care. To address this concern, burn centres are beginning to put into practice new mass casualty triage and transport guidelines that must coordinate with local, regional and federal response plans, while still adhering to an accepted standard of care. This presentation describes how one US burn centre developed and implemented a Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) designed mass casualty incident (MCI) exercise focused on coordinating ‘the right patient to the right facility at the right time’, based upon acuity and bed availability. Discussion will enable planners to identify methodologies adaptable for incorporation into catastrophic emergency management operations within their regions.
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The aim of this article is to discuss the management of mass casualty and sensitise authorities at various levels and trauma surgeons the need for awareness and training in the management of mass casualty.Thorough Medline and bibliography search and available local literatures relevant to the management of mass casualty was reviewed. The available articles were reviewed in order to decipher the management pattern in various forms and degree of disasters resulting in mass casualty.Little attention was paid to mass casualty management in civilian population until mid nineties, even, in developed countries. Knowledge in this area has expanded in the last 10 years due to terrorist attacks in the United State America. In developing countries, nothing is known to be on the ground in form of planning for appropriate response to mass casualty.Mass casualty usually associated with straining of existing facilities, and with high morbidity and mortality. Pre-incident and adequate training is necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality from major incident which occurrence is often not predictable.
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Author(s): Pasirstein, M J; Ramoska, E; Minczak, B; Erbaryi, J A; Teufel, J M; Parsons, J R
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Based on experience of Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center , Emergency Department authors described Trauma Team procedures in Mass Casualty Situations. Paper focuses on medical triage problem and changing daily trauma procedures into MCI protocols. This paper in mainly based on blast injury Mass Casualty Incidents and refers to widely accepted Advanced Trauma Life Support protocols.
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NICK CASTLE explains the triage systems used at mass casualty incidents and looks at some of the issues that affect decisions about transport priorities
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The purpose of this study is to determine the applicability of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and commercial cellular networks to provide an online triage system for handling mass casualty situations. This was tested by a using a pilot system for a simulated mass casualty situation during a military field exercise. The system proved to be usable. Compared to the currently used system, it also dramatically improves the general view of mass casualty situations and enhances medical emergency readiness in a military medical setting. The system can also be adapted without any difficulties by the civilian sector for the management of mass casualty disasters.
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