Crosslinker-free Bovine Serum Albumin-loaded Chitosan/alginate Nanocomplex for pH-responsive Bursting Release of Oral-administered Protein
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Bovine serum albumin
Serum Albumin
Bursting
To determine whether there was a difference between pre- and posthemodialysis serum albumin levels and, if so, whether that difference correlated with the amount of fluid removed during treatment.This descriptive study used a comparative data analysis strategy.287 paired measurements of pre- and post-hemodialysis serum albumin levels were collected from 46 patients in a midwestern hemodialysis center.Pre- and posthemodialysis serum albumin levels were obtained using the bromcresol green method.The pretreatment mean for serum albumin levels was 3.875 gm/dL (SD .4) and the posttreatment mean was 4.273 gm/dL (SD .599), significant at p < 0.0001. The amount of fluid removed during treatment was strongly correlated with the difference between pre- and posttreatment albumin levels (R = .6149; p < 0.0001). When data were sub-divided into three groups according to the amount of fluid removed during treatment, the mean differences between pre- and post hemodialysis albumin were significant at p < 0.0001.The strong correlation with fluid removed during hemodialysis suggests that fluid overload may be responsible for the significantly higher posttreatment albumin values in most patients.
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Serum Albumin
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The regulation of albumin synthesis and serum protein secretion was studied in regenerating rat liver by measuring incorporation of 14C-leucine. Albumin was isolated to radiochemical purity, utilizing a method which eliminates the influence of precursor pool changes on protein labeling. Changes in the size of the product pool were measured. The following results were obtained. 1. The time period between intracaval injection of 14Cleucine and the appearance of radioactive protein in the blood (secretion time) decreased from 15 min for normal animals to a minimum of 10 min at 48 hours after removal of 70% of the liver. 2. At 10 min after intracaval injection of 14C-leucine, 3.5% of total protein radioactivity was found in albumin in normal liver, whereas in regenerating liver only 1.4% of the total protein radioactivity was incorporated into albumin. 3. Albumin concentration in the serum decreased from 29.2 mg of albumin per ml of serum for normal rats to a minimum of 17.3 mg of albumin per ml of serum at 4 days after partial hepatectomy. 4. The half-life of albumin was 2.66 days for normal rats and 2.13 days for animals, 48 hours after partial hepatectomy. 5. The intravascular pool of albumin decreased from 100 mg of albumin per 100 g, body wt, in normal rats to 57.8 mg of albumin per 100 g, body wt, in partially hepatectomized animals, 48 hours after operation. The extravascular and the total body pool of albumin also decreased after partial hepatectomy to a minimum at 24 hours after the operation. In contrast to the intravascular pool, the extravascular and the total body pool increased again, reaching a plateau between 2 and 4 days after the operation. 6. During regeneration, the proportion of leucine to other amino acids in total liver protein did not change. Also, this proportion did not differ significantly from that found in serum albumin. 7. The net rate of albumin synthesis changed only slightly from 20.1 mg of albumin per day per g of liver for normal to 23.9 mg albumin per day per g of liver for regenerating liver 48 hours after partial hepatectomy. In contrast, the net rate of synthesis of total liver protein increased from 576 mg protein per day per g of liver in normal rats to 1710 mg of protein per day per g of liver in rats 48 hours after partial hepatectomy.
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The lipid A component of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (endotoxins), when complexed to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or human serum albumin (HSA), was shown to be a potent pyrogen. Furthermore, rabbits could be protected against endotoxin fever by immunization with both lipid A·BSA and lipid A·HSA complexes. The results presented in this paper show that lipid A is responsible for the pyrogenic activity of endotoxins and their ability to induce pyrogenic immunity.
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Studies have been made on the molecular weight and amino acid composition of albumin from the blood serum and liver, as well as on its content in liver extracts and in the blood serum of male rabbits at the age of 1, 30, 180, and 720 days. During postnatal life, quantitative changes in the amino acid composition of the proteins investigated take place, which are more significant in liver albumin than in serum albumin. Albumin content of the blood serum and liver extracts decreases at later ontogenetic stages (in 180- and 720-day animals), which is presumably associated with the decrease in synthesis of this protein by the liver. The molecular weight of the albumin remains constant in all age groups being typical for serum albumin of vertebrates.
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Bovine serum albumin
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Hypoalbuminemia
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Bovine serum albumin
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