Novel Dual-Band Impedance Matching Circuits Implemented by Complementary Compact Microstrip Resonant Cells (CCMRCs)
Sangwon KittiwittayapongKittisak PhaebuaTitipong LertwiriyaprapaDanai TorrungruengPrayoot Akkaraekthalin
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Abstract:
This paper presents a novel dual-band impedance matching circuit (IMC) based on the quarter-wave-like transformer (QWLT), which can be effectively implemented by complementary compact microstrip resonant cells (CCMRCs). In this study, the dual-band IMC is designed at 3.3 GHz and 4.4 GHz for 5G technology applications in Thailand. In this study, a QWLT implemented by an asymmetric CCMRC can be systematically designed using the ABCD parameters of the CCMRC by solving associated equations of impedance matching simultaneously at both frequencies of interest. It is found that the asymmetric CCMRC can provide the length reduction of 14.8 % with excellent impedance matching at both frequencies of interest, compared to that of the symmetric case.Keywords:
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Multi-band device
A short-wavelength transmission line with variable characteristic impedance (STLVCI) employing periodically loaded diodes is proposed. Compared with the conventional transmission line, the STLVCI shows a much shorter wavelength, and the characteristic impedance of the VATL is easily controlled by changing only the supplied voltage. Using the STLVCI, a λ/4 impedance transformer has been fabricated on a GaAs MMIC, and its line length is 375 µm, which is 28.3% of that of the conventional impedance transformer. Using the λ/4 impedance transformer, impedance matching could be performed between RF components with various characteristic impedance of 30–100 Ω by adjusting the applied voltage.
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Characteristic impedance
Impedance bridging
Output impedance
Image impedance
Wave impedance
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In this brief, a compact dual-band impedance matching network is introduced and applied to the design of rectifying circuits. The matching network can work at two arbitrary frequencies with arbitrary complex impedance simultaneously. Theoretical analysis is carried out and the closed-form design formulas are derived. For validation, a dual-band rectifier working at 0.915 and 2.45 GHz is implemented. The measured maximum RF-to-dc efficiencies are 77.2% and 73.5% at 0.915 and 2.45 GHz, respectively.
Multi-band device
Rectifier (neural networks)
Network Analysis
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In this paper, the concept of the transmission phase shift of an impendance-matching network (IMN) has been introduced. The generalized two-port network parameters of the matching circuit, which matches an arbitrary complex load to a different complex source impedance incorporating the transmission phase, has been derived. In general, the IMNs are electrically asymmetric; however, there exist only two distinct values of phase shifts (180° apart) for a given source and load impedance for which the networks are symmetric, irrespective of the choice of design topology. Simple examples of symmetric matching networks like single and parallel transmission lines (TLs) have been studied. The design equations of several asymmetric matching networks like the stepped-impedance, the II-type, and the T-type network for a given load and source impedance with desired phase shift have been derived. The concepts of allowed and forbidden regions for such matching circuits, in the impedance phase-shift plane, have been established. Two prototype impedance transformers have been fabricated and measured to establish the proposed concept.
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Image impedance
Impedance bridging
Impedance parameters
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The formula for design of stepped impedance transformers was derived, obtaining a relationship among the characteristic impedance of transmission line; Z0 , the loading impedance RL, and the characteristic impedance of the matching section; Zi . And experiments were designed to validate the relationship. This relationship provides an effective way for assessing the design validity and precision of quarter-wave stepped impedance transformers.
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Image impedance
Characteristic impedance
Wave impedance
Impedance bridging
Output impedance
High impedance
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This letter presents the design of an impedance transformer with wideband, maximally flat real-to-real impedance matching. The design formulas for two-section quarter-wave transformer are presented and exact solutions for transmission lines' parameters are derived in explicit form for any impedance transformation ratio. The results of this study are useful for a number of practical design problems, especially power amplification circuits. To validate the design formulas, three impedance transformers terminated in a fixed impedance of 50 Ω and three target impedances of 100, 150, and 200 Ω are fabricated and measured. Measurements show a good agreement with theory and simulations.
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Image impedance
Characteristic impedance
Wideband
Impedance bridging
Wave impedance
High impedance
Output impedance
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A graphical study of conjugately characteristic impedance transmission lines (CCITLs) using Meta Smith Charts (MSCs) shows that properly designed CCITLs, called quarter-wave-like transformers (QWLTs), can potentially replace standard quarter-wave transformers (QWTs) in their impedance matching role. The QWLTs can offer real-to-real impedance matching with much less electrical size than that of standard QWTs. This opens up new possibilities for miniaturization of microwave circuits. Two case studies are discussed in this paper to illustrate the QWLT concept.
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Characteristic impedance
Wave impedance
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This paper proposes a novel design of a quarter-wave meandered coupled line based tri-band impedance transformer. The design utilizes cascade of two existing dual-band impedance transformer to achieve tri-band functionality. The proposed design matches a real load to a conventional 50n source at three arbitrary frequencies of IGHz, 2.4GHz and 3.8GHz. The design uses the concept of matching at a reference frequency that is common to both dual band matching sections. A prototype fabricated on FR4 shows good agreement between the simulated and measured results.
Multi-band device
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Frequency band
Radio spectrum
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Smith chart
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Characteristic impedance
Image impedance
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This letter presents an efficient dual-band rectifier using stepped impedance stub matching circuit. Theoretical analysis of the dual-band impedance matching circuit comprising a stepped impedance stub is carried out, which plays a key role in designing the resultant dual-band rectifier. The proposed dual-band matching circuit can achieve wide frequency ratio which is analyzed and predicted by simulation. For demonstration, a dual-band rectifier working at 0.915 and 2.45 GHz is fabricated with dimensions of 21.47 mm ×18.93 mm. The measured results show that with a 1500 Ω load, the maximum efficiencies of the rectifier reach 74% and 73% at 0.915 and 2.45 GHz, respectively. Due to the simple but efficient structure of the dual-band matching network, the dual-band rectifier in this work exhibits merits of compact size and high efficiency.
Stub (electronics)
Multi-band device
Rectifier (neural networks)
Precision rectifier
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In this article, a novel dual-band impedance matching network capable of providing impedance matching between frequency-dependent complex impedances at two frequencies is reported. The proposed dual-band impedance matching network employs the dual-band design of bridged-T coil, such that a very compact circuit size and dual-band operation can be achieved at the same time. Various design examples are presented to demonstrate the versatile property of the proposed dual-band impedance matching network, along with a rigorous analysis of its practical limitations. Also, two design examples of the proposed dual-band impedance matching network are implemented using the integrated passive device technology for performance validation.
Multi-band device
Image impedance
Quarter-wave impedance transformer
Frequency band
Impedance bridging
Output impedance
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