Brief Overview of Dietary Intake, Gut Microbiota, Metabolic Markers and Research Opportunities in Sample of Egyptian Women
Nayera E. HassanSalwa M. El ShebiniSahar A. El-MasryNihad H. AhmedAyat N. KamalAhmed IsmailKhadija M AlianMohammed I. MostafaM.M. SelimMahmoud A.S. Afify
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Abstract Back ground: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a phenotype caused by interaction of host intrinsic factors such as genetics and gut microbiome, and extrinsic factors such as diet and lifestyle. Aim : To demonstrate the interplay of intestinal microbiota with obesity, MetS markers and some dietary ingredients among sample of Egyptian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 115 Egyptian women; 82 obese (59 without MetS and 23 with MetS) and 33 normal weight ones. Anthropometric assessment, 24 hours dietary recall, laboratory evaluation of liver enzymes (AST and ALT), leptin, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting blood glucose (FBS), insulin and lipid profile, in addition to fecal microbiota analysis were done. Results : The obese women with MetS had the highest significant values of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, and consumed diet high in calories, protein, fat and carbohydrate, low in fiber and micronutrients. Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes was the abundant bacteria among different gut microbiota, with low Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes Ratio, and insignificant differences between the 3groups. Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes Ratio significantly correlated positively with total cholesterol and LDL-C and negatively with SCFA. Conclusion : The dietary factor, dysbiosis and the metabolic product short chain fatty acids have been implicated in causing metabolic defects.Keywords:
Dysbiosis
To investigate whether the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes divisions in pigs is different between obese and lean animals.Group-specific primers were designed to target the 16S rRNA genes of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes present in the gut. After the validation of their specificity, these primers were used in the real-time PCR quantification of all Bacteria, Firmicutes division, Bacteroidetes division and Bacteroides spp. in the faecal samples of obese and lean pigs from Banna mini-pig inbred line. The obese pigs had a approximately 61% fewer percentage (based on all Bacteria) of Bacteroidetes division (P = 0.033) and a approximately 56% fewer proportion of Bacteroides spp. (P = 0.047) than the lean pigs. The proportions of both Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides had a negative correlation (P < 0.01) with the body weight.The results suggested that the fat storage might affect the proportion of Bacteroidetes division in the gut.The real-time PCR assays developed for Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes will be useful for investigating the composition of gut microbiota.
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Currently, there is a search for substances that would be very well tolerated by an organism and which could contribute to the activation of the growth of Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria strains, with simultaneous inhibition of the growth of Firmicutes. High expectations in this regard are raised with the use of fiber preparations from starch - resistant corn dextrins, branched dextrins, resistant maltodextrins and soluble corn fiber. In this paper, the influence of fiber preparations made from corn starch was evaluated on growth and activity of Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes strains isolated from obese children. It was demonstrated that in the stool of obese children Firmicutes strains predominate, while Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria strains were in the minority. A supplementation of fecal culture with fiber preparations did not cause any significant changes in the number of strains of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Addition of fiber preparations to the fecal samples of obese children increased the amount of short-chain fatty acids, especially acetic (p < 0.01), propionic, butyric (p = 0.05) and lactic acid (p < 0.01).
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Abstract Previous studies showed that the human gut microbiota was associated with metabolic diseases, but the interaction and mechanism between the gut microbiota and metabolic disease are still unclear. In this study, the gut microbiota of 58 persons living in Zhejiang and Shanghai area will be analyzed. Then, the potential contribution of the human gut microbiota to obesity/high Body Mass Index (BMI) will be explored. The gut microbiota was studied by high throughput sequencing analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragments, and the gut microbiota samples with different BMI were compared. Meanwhile, some gut microorganisms from faeces of a healthy individual were cultivated and isolated, and the classification was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The main microbes in human gut microbiota were assigned to the phyla of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Moreover, four strains were isolated from an individual fecal sample, of which one species was assigned to Escherichia fergusonii and the other three strains were assigned to Weissella cibaria . These four species belong to both abundant and low-abundant species revealed by high throughput sequencing. It was found that individuals with different BMI have different gut microbiota; while the differences are not significant. Also, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increases with the decrease of BMI, which is corresponding to previous results. In the future, more cohort gut microbiota in Zhejiang and Shanghai area will be collected and recovered, and the gut microbiota database of Zhejiang and Shanghai area will be built up in order to provide the basis for future gut microbiota modulation in this area.
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Microbiome status is considered an important factor that contributes to obesity. Investigations have shown that the oral microbiome comprises a vast array of bacterial species that can influence human health.To determine the association between the presence of the bacterial phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the body mass index (BMI) status of normal, overweight and obese subjects in Duhok, Iraq. Additionally, to investigate the composition of oral Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes profiles for individuals with different BMI statuses.A total of 155 saliva samples were collected from participants in Duhok, Iraq. Bacterial genomic DNA was then extracted from the collected saliva. The presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla was detected via polymerase chain reaction.Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were detected in 63.2 and 37.4% of the population, respectively. Differences in the carriage rates of oral Firmicutes in overweight (78%) and obese individuals (83%) were statistically significant when compared to normal weight individuals (36%) (P<0.0001). The percentage rates of Bacteroidetes in obese individuals (26.4%) was statistically significant when compared to normal weight individuals (50.8%) (P=0.0078). The Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratios (obese=3.1, overweight= 2.5 and normal weight=0.7) were higher with increasing BMI.This study provides evidence of the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio growing with increasing BMI. High rates of Firmicutes could serve a role in the development of obesity. Further studies are required to clarify the exact relationship between oral bacteria and obesity, which could lead to a promising therapeutic method for improving the physical health of humans.
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Obesity is a global health problem. Recently, the composition of the gut microbiota, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, has been suggested to be one of the factors that play a role in the incidence of obesity. The purpose of this study was to describe the composition of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in obesity. The research design used is a literature study. The literature used is journals that meet the inclusion criteria, namely a total of 6 articles. The results of the literature study showed that there were different results on the composition of the gut microbiota in obesity. Several journals showed that the composition of Firmicutes increased and Bacteroidetes decreased in obesity, while other studies showed Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increased in the obese group compared to the normal weight group. Furthermore, in another study, it was found that Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were higher in the lean group compared to the obese group. However, it was also found that there was no clear difference between the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes according to BMI
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Abstract Altered gut microbial ecology contributes to the development of metabolic diseases including obesity. However, studies based on different populations have generated conflicting results due to diet, environment, methodologies, etc. The aim of our study was to explore the association between gut microbiota and BMI in Chinese college students. The 16S next-generation sequencing (NGS) was used to test the gut microbiota of nine lean, nine overweight/obesity and ten normal-weight male college students. The differences in gut microbiota distribution among three groups were compared, and the relationship between the richness, diversity, composition of gut microbiota and BMI were analysed. The predominant phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were further confirmed by real-time PCR. Metagenomic biomarker discovery was conducted by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). NGS revealed that gut microbiota composition was different among three groups, but there was no difference in the abundance ratio of Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes. Several bacterial taxa were in linear relationship with BMI (positive relationship: uncultured bacterium ( Bacteroides genus); negative relationship: Porphyromonadaceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Blautia , Anaerotruncus , Parabacteroides , Alistipes ). Moreover, gut microbiota diversity decreased with the increase in BMI. And LEfSe analysis indicated that Blautia , Anaerotruncus and its uncultured species were significantly enriched in the lean group (LDA score ≥ 3), Parasuterella and its uncultured species were significantly enriched in the overweight/obese groups (LDA score ≥ 3). In general, gut microbiota composition and microbial diversity were associated with BMI in Chinese male college students. Our results might enrich the understanding between gut microbiota and obesity.
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The data obtained in experimental and few clinical studies indicate significant differences in the contents of the two main bacterial types (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), although the results of different studies are often contradictory. In addition, there are no data in the literature on the changes in the content of the main types of intestinal microbiota depending on the severity of the course and compensation of diabetes. The aim – to study the content of the main phylotypes of the intestinal microbiota in patients with type 2 DM depending on diabetes severity and compensation. Material and methods. 64 patients with type 2 DM (29 men and 35 women) aged 30 to 72 years (mean age 47.3±8.9 years) and 30 healthy volunteers who made up the control group were examined. Clinical, laboratory and molecular genetic studies (DNA determination of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria using quantitative real-time PCR and gene-targeted primers) were performed. Results. It was found that the content of Firmicutes in patients with type 2 DM was significantly higher, and the content of Bacteroidetes was significantly less than in healthy individuals. As the severity of DM increased and the compensation for type 2 DM impaired, the contents of Firmicutes also increased significantly, and the content of Bacteroidetes decreased, respectively, and the F / B ratio also increased. Conclusion. Certain disorders in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, in particular, decrease in the total number of Bacteroidetes, increase in the number of Firmicutes and F / B ratios, can play a pathogenetic role not only in the development of type 2 DM, but also contribute to its severity and compensation.
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The aim: To analyze the status of Gut microbiota (GM) at the level of the main phylotypes in patients with NAFLD, depending on the body mass index (BMI) and gender in comparison with a group of practically healthy individuals. Materials and methods: The study involved 120 patients with NAFLD, who were divided into two groups depending on BMI and the control group containing 20 practically healthy individuals. Results: In patients with NAFLD with comorbid obesity, a statistically significant increase in the relative amount of Firmicutes (52.12 [42.38; 67.39]%) and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (3.75 [1.7; 9.5]) against the background of a significant decrease in the amount of Bacteroidetes (13.41 [7.45; 26.07]%); in NAFLD patients with overweight, the relative amount of Firmicutes was 49.39 [37.47; 62.73]%, Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio was 1.98 [1.15; 5.92], and the relative amount of Bacteroidetes was 23.69 [12.11; 36.16]%. In the control group, the distribution of the basic GM phylotypes was significantly different; the relative amount of Bacteroidetes was almost the same as of Firmicutes — 34.65 [24.58; 43.53]% and 29.97 [22.52; 41.75]% respectively, and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 0.64 [0.52; 1.47]. Conclusions: The most statistically significant changes in the composition of IM occur due to the increase in the relative amount of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes against the background of a decrease in the relative amount of Bacteroidetes. These changes were directly proportional to the increase in BMI, but had no gender features.
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Obesity is caused by several factors. Gut microbiota composition is known to be one of the factors to play a role in modulating the obesity process. Nutrient factors and bioactive compounds from food can infl uence and help in modifying the gut microbiota composition, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The purpose of this article is to discuss how signifi cant the role of nutrients and other bioactive compounds on Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes ratio in solving the obesity problem. This article was compiled based on the literature search in the last ten years, related to nutrients and bioactive compounds infl uence Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio in obesity. The results from several literature searches provided evidence that alteration in gut microbiota composition was linked to the increase of body weight through metabolic pathways, which was characterized by the increasing number of Firmicutes, the decreased number of Bacteroidetes, and an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. The increasing number of Firmicutes could induce short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and lead to more energy harvesting. Several dietary factors from fi ber and amino acid, as well as bioactive compounds from an organic acid and polyphenol compounds, could infl uence the gut microbiota composition by reducing the Firmicutes level and increasing Bacteroidetes. The gut microbiota composition, especially Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, could be induced by modifying diet enriched with fi ber, polyphenol compounds, and other specifi ed nutrients
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