A SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan spike virosome vaccine induces superior neutralization breadth compared to one using the Beta spike
Yme U. van der VeldenMarloes GrobbenTom G. CanielsJudith A. BurgerMeliawati PonimanMelissa OomenEsther Siteur-van RijnstraKhadija TejjaniDenise GuerraRonald KempersToon StegmannMarit J. van GilsRogier W. Sanders
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Abstract:
Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are effective, but long-term protection is threatened by the emergence of virus variants. We generated a virosome vaccine containing the Beta spike protein and compared its immunogenicity in mice to a virosome vaccine containing the original Wuhan spike. Two administrations of the virosomes induced potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in both vaccine groups. The level of autologous neutralization in Beta-vaccinated mice was similar to the level of autologous neutralization in Wuhan-vaccinated mice. However, heterologous neutralization to the Wuhan strain in Beta-vaccinated mice was 4.7-fold lower than autologous neutralization, whereas heterologous neutralization to the Beta strain in Wuhan-vaccinated mice was reduced by only 1.9-fold compared to autologous neutralization levels. In addition, neutralizing activity against the D614G, Alpha and Delta variants was also significantly lower after Beta spike vaccination than after Wuhan spike vaccination. Our results show that Beta spike vaccination induces inferior neutralization breadth. These results are informative for programs aimed to develop broadly active SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.Keywords:
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The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of V3 loops from naturally occurring viruses on the neutralization sensitivity of a molecularly cloned virus. A selection of well-defined syncytium-inducing (SI) and non-SI V3 loops of a single human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected individual (H594) and the V3 regions of two SI laboratory strains were inserted in an infectious molecular clone of human immunodeficiency type 1 LAI. Neutralization was performed with a heterologous serum pool and autologous patient serum, using the virus reduction neutralization assay and peripheral blood lymphocytes as target cells. High sensitivity of the chimeric viruses containing the laboratory strain V3 regions to neutralization by H594 sequential sera as well as the heterologous serum pool was found. A statistically significant correlation between the sensitivities of these viruses was seen. In contrast, insertion of the primary isolate NSI and SI envelope V3 loops significantly reduced the neutralization by autologous serum but not by the heterologous serum pool. No correlation was found between the neutralization of the viruses with laboratory strain-derived V3 regions and the viruses with primary isolate V3 domains. We conclude that heterologous antibodies are able to neutralize infectious molecular clones with V3 loops of both SI and NSI viruses, regardless of whether they originated from laboratory strains or primary isolates. However, serum of patient H594 discriminated between the two types of viruses and showed reduced neutralization of the viruses with the autologous NSI and SI primary isolate V3 loops. These results indicated that the neutralization sensitivity of the viruses depended on the capacity of the V3 region to influence the conformation of the virus envelope. These V3-dependent conformational changes partially explain the neutralization sensitivity of laboratory strains and the relative neutralization resistance of primary isolates.
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Syncytium
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Immune Recognition
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Abstract We performed the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT 50 ) using sera collected from the recipients of BBV152/COVAXIN™ against hCoV-19/India/20203522 (UK-variant) and hCoV27 19/India/2020Q111 (heterologous strain). A comparable neutralization activity of the vaccinated individuals sera showed against UK-variant and the heterologous strain with similar efficiency, dispel the uncertainty of possible neutralization escape.
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
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ABSTRACT A SARS-CoV-2 lineage designated as P.3 with multiple signature mutations in the Spike protein region was recently reported with cases from the Central Visayas Region of the Philippines. Whole genome sequencing revealed that the 33 samples under this lineage all contain the E484K, N501Y, and P681H Spike mutations previously found in variants of concern (VOC) such as the B.1.351, the P.1 and B.1.1.7 variants first reported in South Africa, Brazil, and the United Kingdom, respectively. The possible implications of the mutations found in the Spike protein of P.3 were analyzed for their potential effects on structure, stability, and molecular surface character. The analysis suggests that these mutations could significantly impact the possible interactions of the Spike protein with the ACE2 receptor and neutralizing antibodies, and warrants further clinical investigation. Some of the mutations affecting the N and C terminal domains may have effects on Spike monomer and trimer stability. This report provides insights on relevant targets for the design of future diagnostics, therapeutics and vaccines against the evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Philippines.
spike protein
Trimer
Lineage (genetic)
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Coronavirus
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
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