Incidence-severity relationships in non-treated and fungicide-treated wheat head blast epidemics in Brazil
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The relationship between wheat head blast incidence (I; proportion of diseased heads in a sample) and severity (S; the average diseased area in a sample of heads) was studied with the aim of determining whether severity could be reliably predicted from incidence. Data were collected from two main sources: a) the EPAMIG (non-treated) field experiments spanning seven years (2013-2019 with three cultivars) designed to evaluate the effect of planting dates on wheat blast (no fungicide use); and b) the UFTs (fungicide-treated) field experiments conducted by researchers of the network of uniform fungicide trials conducted during nine years (2012-2020) across 10 locations (totaling 14 cultivars). An ordinary linear regression model fitted to the complementary log-log transformation of the data provided a good fit to the data based on the square correlation of the predicted Ŝ, and the observed S (R2): The R2 was 0.95 for the pooled (all years) non-treated dataset and 0.88 for the pooled fungicide-treated dataset. A covariance analysis indicated that year, but not cultivar, significantly affected the parameters of the I-S relationship in the non-treated dataset. We conclude that wheat head blast S can be predicted from I but more reliably in non-treated epidemics given the larger influence of chemical treatments on the relationship than cultivar or year, a surrogate for varying weather.Keywords:
Winter wheat
Field trial
By randomized block design of 3 different sowing dates,3 kind of sowing quantitoes of 2 factors and 3 levels of 9 processings,the test studied the influence of planting date and density on Wanyou 29 yield.The results showed that sowing date,sowing date and sowing quantity interaction had significant effects on the yield of rapeseed,which reached the extremely significant level;Based on the sowing seeds condition of Wanyou 29,early sowing could gain high yield through proper.When the sowing date was 25th Sep.,the planting quantity was 3.0 kg/hm2,the highest yield was obtained in Wanyou 29.
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Composite cross populations of winter wheat were tested in field trials at the organic farm of Inagro in Beitem (BE) during the growing seasons 2013-2014 and 2014-2015. Up to 9 CCP’s and 4 commercial varieties were assessed. The results confirm that these winter wheat CCP’s produce resilient crops with overall similar performance as varieties.
Winter wheat
Field trial
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[Objective]The aim was to study the appropriate combination of sowing time and planting density of high-protein Summer Soybean Guodou5hao.[Method]as the test materials,four sowing time and five planting density were designed,the effects of sowing time and planting density on grawth and development and yield of Guodou5hao were studied.[Result]With the sowing time delaying,the yield of Guodou5hao was decreased,while with the planting density increasing,its yield increasea first and then reduced.The effects of planting density on their pods and yield of Guodou5hao were bigger than that of sowing time.When planting in 5th June and planting density was 2.55 × 105 plant/hm2,the yield was the highest of 3 173.7 kg/hm2.[Conclusion]Under the permitting conditions,Guodou5hao should be sowing early and the suitable sowing time is 5th12th June,the optimum planting density is 2.25 ×105~2.55 ×105 plant/hm2.If the sowing time is putting off,the planting density should be increasea.
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This study evaluated three fungicide treatments on three foliar diseases of winter wheat in the Northern Texas Blacklands. Twenty-five experiments were conducted over a five year period. Data from 11 different experiments are included. Grain yields and leaf ratings are reported. Fungicides were efficacious and profitable in some, but not all, situations on each of the diseases studied.
Winter wheat
Disease Control
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[Objective] Optimum sowing time and seeding rate of Luo Mai 18 in southern Henan were studied to further tap its high yield potential. [Method] The test carried out according to split plot design. 5 sowing dates( A1,A2,A3,A4,A5) and 4 sowing quantity( B1,B2,B3,B4) were arranged. [Result] With the delay of sowing date,wheat basic seedlings decreased,the highest group and the spike number also decreased,the difference of spike rate in different sowing times was small. Yield decreased in step significantly with delayed sowing date,especially A5. With the increase of the sowing quantity,basic seedlings gradually increased,the highest group gradually increased,the yield increased gradually,and the spike rate gradually reduced,the spike number increased and then decreased,inverted V type. From the interaction of sowing date and sowing quantity,the yield of combination of early sowing and high quantity was high,and that of late sowing was very low. [Conclusion] Luo Mai 18 in southern Henan sowing in October 10- 20 was suitable,and the sowing amont of 187. 5- 225. 0kg / hm2 was more appropriate. And the yeilld of October 10 th planting and sowing rate of 187. 5kg / hm2 was the highest.
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1-Chloromethylsilatrane is an effective and broad-spectrum plants growth regulator.As a seed dressing to winter wheat,it promoted growth,improved adversity-resistance,increased the number of tiller and the fresh weight and also evidently increased the yield of wheat by 9.66% to 16.59% in field trial.At the same time,it could be mixed together with acid pesticides without adverse effect.
Tiller (botany)
Winter wheat
Field trial
Broad spectrum
Growth regulator
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Downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis is a destructive disease on cucumber,which mainly relies on chemical control.It could effectively decreased by implementing the integrated prevent strategy with chemical control,prediction and forecast,greenhouse ventilation,resistant varieties and biological control and preventive application of fungicides.The main fungicides consisting of contact fungicides and systemic fungicides should be applied alternatively or mixed with other fungicides of different action mechanism to delay the development of fungicide resistance.P.cubensis resistant to phenylamide fungicides occurred world widely,and strains resistant to QoI fungicides were detected in Japan.The risk of resistance to novel fungicides should be assessed,and the strategies of management of resistance to high-risk fungicides should be implemented to prolong the application years of fungicides.
Pseudoperonospora cubensis
Disease Control
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[Objective] The aim was to definitude the suitable sowing date of Guidan589,which will provide basis for high-yield cultivation.[Method] There are six sowing date in spring,four sowing date in autumn,The influences of different sowing dates on growth period,yield and yield-related traits of Guidan589 were studied through the field experiment.[Result] Sowing in spring with the sowing date was postponed,the time of sowing date to seeding date and the whole growth period shortens,yield reduce gradually,sowing in autumn,with the sowing date was postponed,the sowing date to seeding date and the whole growth period lengthens,yield increase at first,then reduce,in a short,sowing in Feb.15th-Mar.15th and Aug.1th-15th can acquire high-yield of Guidan589,yield-related traits are better,sowing before Feb.can meet low temperature easily,seeding was effected,sowing after in late Mar.,the whole growth period become shorten obviously,sowing after Sept.due to the low temperature,maize become maturity are difficult,harvest yield is low.[Conclusion] The suitable spring sowing date was Feb.15th to Mar.15th,and the optimal autumn sowing date was between Jul.20th and Aug.15th.These sowing dates can avoid or reduce the seasonal natural disasters and enhance the yield.
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The development characteristics, spike differentiation processes and winter killing of three varieties of wheat were studied in the different sowing stages. The results showed that the stronger the springness of wheat was in earlier sowing stages, the quicker it developed and the higher spike differentiation phases it reached before the over wintering and the more serious winter killing it suffered from in winter. If it was at the double ridge phase during the over wintering, the risk of being winter killed was lower. By these, the safe sowing time of different wheat were put forward.
Winter wheat
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Adjust the sowing date to fit for the climate change and get the high yield of winter wheat is very important in Hebei Province.Taking winter wheat cultivar Ji 5265 as test material,4 sowing dates including October 5,October 9,October 13 and October 17 were desighed,and the sowing rate respectively were 204 kg/hm2,228 kg/hm2,255 kg/hm2 and 288 kg/hm2,the effects of different sowing dates on the yield and growth of winter wheat in Gaocheng City of Hebei Province during 2008-2009 were studied.The results showed that the accumulated temperature before wintering was reduced,the plant tillers number,secondary root number,plant height,spike rate,spike number per unit and the grain number per spike of winter wheat were decreased with the delay of sowing date,and the yield of winter wheat was decreased significantly with the delay of sowing date.Through the regression equation simulation calculation,we recommended that the suitable sowing date was October 5-11,and the reasonable basic seeding number was 307.5-379.5 plants/m2 in Hebei Province.
Winter wheat
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