Automatic Classification and Severity Estimation of Ataxia From Finger Tapping Videos
Adonay S. NunesNataliia KozhemiakoChristopher D. StephenJeremy D. SchmahmannSheraz KhanAnoopum S. Gupta
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Abstract:
Digital assessments enable objective measurements of ataxia severity and provide informative features that expand upon the information obtained during a clinical examination. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of using finger tapping videos to distinguish participants with Ataxia (N = 169) from participants with parkinsonism (N = 78) and from controls (N = 58), and predict their upper extremity and overall disease severity. Features were extracted from the time series representing the distance between the index and thumb and its derivatives. Classification models in ataxia archived areas under the receiver-operating curve of around 0.91, and regression models estimating disease severity obtained correlation coefficients around r = 0.64. Classification and prediction model coefficients were examined and they not only were in accordance, but were in line with clinical observations of ataxia phenotypes where rate and rhythm are altered during upper extremity motor movement.Keywords:
Finger tapping
Cerebellar ataxia
Movement Disorders
A wide variety of movement disorders may occur as a consequence of the administration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Although it has been suggested that the risk of parkinsonism is 10-fold higher in those taking valproate as compared with other AEDs, there have been no large, systematic trials assessing this.To establish more precisely the prevalence of and risk factors for developing parkinsonism associated with valproate use,and to assess the occurrence of movement disorders with the newer AEDs.Patients with epilepsy were recruited from the Toronto Western Hospital Epilepsy Clinic (University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Each patient was examined by a movement disorder specialist who was blinded to the treatment status of the patient.201 patients were included. Postural tremor was the most common movement disorder (45%), followed by parkinsonism (4.5%). The odds of having parkinsonism were 5 times higher with valproate than with other AEDs. No single factor predicted the presence of parkinsonism; however, many (5/9) of the patients concurrently used other drugs or had comorbidities that could have caused or exacerbated parkinsonism. None of the newer AEDs were clearly associated with the presence of movement disorders; however, the numbers were too small to make a formal analysis.Although the risk of parkinsonism with valproate is higher than with other AEDs, it is lower than originally reported. The cases available were not enough to accurately comment on the prevalence of movement disorders with the newer AEDs.
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Purpose: The maximum isometric force production capacity of the fingers decreases with age. However, little information is available on age-related changes in dynamic motor capacity of individual fingers. The purpose of this study was to compare the dynamic motor function of individual fingers between elderly and young adults using rapid single-finger and double-finger tapping. Methods: Fourteen elderly and 14 young adults performed maximum frequency tapping by the index, middle, ring, or little finger (single-finger tapping) and with alternate movements of the index-middle, middle-ring, or ring-little finger-pair (double-finger tapping). The maximum pinch force between the thumb and each finger, tactile sensitivity of each fingertip, and time taken to complete a pegboard test were also measured. Results: Compared with young subjects, the older subjects had significantly slower tapping rates in all fingers and finger-pairs in the tapping tasks. The age-related decline was also observed in the tactile sensitivities of all fingers and in the pegboard test. However, there was no group difference in the pinch force of any finger. The tapping rate of each finger did not correlate with the pinch force or tactile sensitivity for the corresponding finger in the elderly subjects. Conclusions: Maximum rate of finger tapping was lower in the elderly adults compared with the young adults. The decline of finger tapping ability in elderly adults seems to be less affected by their maximum force production capacities of the fingers as well as tactile sensitivities at the tips of the fingers.
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Measurement system of finger-tapping contact force for quantitative diagnosis of Parkinson's disease
The purpose of this study was to develop a measuring system of contact force in finger-tapping of Parkinson's disease patients and to show its effectiveness for quantitative diagnosis. This system was composed of a pair of 3-axis accelerometers, a touch sensor an analog to digital converter and a personal computer (PC). Firstly, a transfer function representing relation between the contact force and the accelerometer output during the finger contact phase of finger-tapping was determined. This means that the finger-tapping contact force could be estimated from the measured acceleration by using the determined transfer function. Secondly the developed system was applied to 27 normal subjects and 16 Parkinson's diseases subjects. Score of UPDRS finger tap test was evaluated for each subject by a neurologist. Finally, these sensors were attached to subject's index finger and thumb, and sensor signals were recorded and processed within the PC. The subjects were asked to execute continuous finger taps movement for 60 s. It was shown that the contact force was smaller as the subject was with the larger UPDRS score of tap test.
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Patients with movement disorders from parkinsonism were treated with thalamotomy performed by stereotactic surgical procedure. In order to determine with any degree of objectivity the results of these lesions, an accelerometer was used to record hand tremor and various mechanical tests were carried out that included self-care activities to evaluate impairment of function. On the basis of these tests, patients were selected for surgical operation, their condition before and after operation was evaluated, and a program for their rehabilitation was drafted.
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Abstract The purposes of this study were: (1) to provide descriptive temporal and force data for fast alternate tapping by the index and middle fingers ('double-finger mode'), and to compare it with one finger fast tapping ('single-finger mode'); (2) to determine any differences in the dynamic motor function of individual fingers with these tapping tasks; and (3) to determine any differences between the singlefinger mode and tapping with the whole hand ('hand mode'). Eleven healthy males tapped force transducer(s) for 7 s as fast as possible using their dominant hand. The double-finger mode had a greater peak force and a 50% faster tapping frequency than the single-finger mode. There was no correlation between the single-finger and double-finger modes in the temporal data. Tapping with two fingers thus seems to be organized with a motor strategy that is different from that with one finger, and can possibly capture an individual's additional or different motor function. A comparison between the two fingers revealed that the index finger had a significantly faster tapping frequency, indicating the superiority of the index finger over the middle finger in terms of dynamic motor function. The hand mode had a significantly faster tapping frequency with greater peak force than the single-finger mode. A distinction is essential between these two modes. Keywords: TappingFingerHandInter-TAP IntervalForce
Finger tapping
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