Cardiovascular complications of diabetes mellitus
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Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, which leads to many organ-specific complications. Patients with diabetes are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD in the context of diabetes (and this article) includes all forms of coronary, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular disease. As per Diabetes UK, the NHS spends almost 10% of its budget on diabetes or related illness. As the increasing number of patients with diabetes has significantly increased the burden on the NHS, it is important to not only diagnose and treat them early, but also to reduce the development of complications through preventive measures. This article specifically looks at the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and management of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes.The brief review of modern clinical and epidemiological features of salmonellosis in children is submitted. Results of studying of clinic and epidemiology of salmonellosis in early age children are presented. The clinical and epidemiological differences related with age of patients and serotype of microorganism are marked.
Clinical epidemiology
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Teaching epidemiology in and out of the classroom, J.H. Abramson teaching the reluctant student, C. du V. Florey principles of epidemiology study design and planning, A. Ahlbom data collection and processing, E. Schach preparing for statistical analysis, J. Olsen teaching statistical methods in epidemiology, D. Clayton clinical epidemiology, J.A. Baron epidemiology in health services research, R.D. Weir screening for cancer, N. Day cancer epidemiology, C.S. Muir psychiatric epidemiology, R. Fuhrer and E. Fombonne occupational epidemiology, F. Merletti and P. Comba epidemiology of coronary heart disease, P. Ducimetiere and A. Kalandidi epidemiology of ageing and diseases in the elderly, A. Hofman epidemiology of infectious diseases and the study of outbreaks, D. Reid teaching the practice of epidemiology, U. Brinkmann the epidemiology of tropical diseases, M.E. Wilson epidemiology of AIDS, D. Trichopoulos et al teaching oral and dental epidemiology, F. Scheutz and A. Sheiham pharmacoepidemiology, M.S. Porta and X. Carne teaching epidemiology in EC countries, S. Allwright and J. Pemberton application and teaching of epidemiology developments in the European region of the World Health Organization, M. Thuriaux.
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I. INTRODUCTION AND METHODS. 1. Epidemiology: What Is It About? 2. Some Useful Concepts in Epidemiology. 3. Rates: A Basic Epidemiological Tool. 4. Epidemiological Methods. 5. Epidemiological Transitions in Disease Patterns Over Time. 6. Epidemiology and Control of Diseases of Infectious Origin. 7. Epidemiology and Control of Diseases of Noninfectious Etiology. II. EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THE LIFE CYCLE. 8. Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality During Pregnancy and Infancy. 9. Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality in Childhood and Adolescence. 10. Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality in Young and Middle Adulthood. 11. Patterns of Morbidity and Mortality Over Age 65. III. APPLICATIONS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY. 12. Etiology and Natural History. 13. Disease Control and Surveillance. 14. Screening. 15. Clinical Decision Making. 16. Health Planning Evaluation.
Etiology
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epiweek creates epidemiological week and equivalent epidemiological year from the calendar date. It extends the week function of Stata. Each epidemiological week begins on a Sunday and ends on Saturday. And the first epidemiological week of year ends on the first Saturday of January, provided that it falls at least four or more days into the month. epiweek2 converts epidemiological week and epidemiological year to the calendar date with the starting Sunday and the ending Saturday.
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"Clinical Aspects and Epidemiology of Haemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome. Analysis of Clinical and Epidemiological Experiences in Hungary" published on Jul 1972 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Clinical epidemiology
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Epidemiology of cancer
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epiweek creates epidemiological week and equivalent epidemiological year from the calendar date. It extends the week function of Stata. Each epidemiological week begins on a Sunday and ends on Saturday. And the first epidemiological week of year ends on the first Saturday of January, provided that it falls at least four or more days into the month. epiweek2 converts epidemiological week and epidemiological year to the calendar date with the starting Sunday and the ending Saturday.
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The study has shown that epidemiological data are not used as often as they should be. The results suggest that education level has an impact on the use of epidemiology in long-term and short-term decision making. The higher the education level, the more use of epidemiology is suggested. Individuals with an MPH (Master's of Public Health) degree used epidemiological data on a higher frequency than did their peers. A possible suggestion as to why this occurs is that those individuals who had an MPH more than likely have had a course in epidemiology and understand how to utilize it. Of the individuals who did not use epidemiology, 98.7 percent attributed that to either cost or language that was unfamiliar to them. Of these individuals, 65.8 percent said they would be interested in learning more about epidemiology, and 64.5 percent said they would use it if they were more familiar. A need for instruction in epidemiology was revealed by this survey. Epidemiology should be used to perform studies on the regional population to identify the needs of the hospital's consumers. Without the knowledge base, this is not being done; possible continuing education for administrators covering the uses of epidemiology could work toward correcting the problem.
Epidemiological method
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Objective To understand the status of diabetes cognition among COPD patients complicated with diabetes mellitus. Method Totally, 240 COPD patients complicated with diabetes mellitus were investigated by self- designed questionnaire about their knowledge of diabetes mellitus. Results There were significant differences between different gender patients in hypoglycemia symptoms and treatment principles( P 0. 01),among different age patients in diabetes mellitus causes,clinical manifestation and complications,treatment( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). There were significant differences between among different education background patients in correlation between long- term using glucocorticoid and diabetes and diabetes treatment( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05),among different COPD stages patients in correlation between long- term using glucocorticoid and diabetes,diabetes mellitus causes,hypoglycemia symptoms and treatment principles,diabetes treatment( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). There were significant differences between different diabetes stages patients in diabetes mellitus causes,clinical manifestation and complications,hypoglycemia symptoms and treatment principles,diabetes treatment( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Conclusion The diabetes related health education for COPD patients should be specific according to their situations,in order to control the glucose,promote the prognosis and improve their self- control of glucose.
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The epidemiology of atopic dermatitis, F. Schultz Larsen epidemiology of contract dermatitis, H.A. Smit and P.J. Coenraads epidemiology of urticaria, T. Schafer and J. Ring epidemiology of allergic rhinitis, B. Sibbald epidemiology of asthma, M.L. Burr epidemiology of allergic occupational lung diseases, K.M. Venables epidemiology of food related clinical symptoms in childhood, S. Strobel epidemiology of insect sting allergy, U.R. Muller epidemiology of allergic drug reactions, R. Hoigne, et al genetic aspects of atopy, W.O.C.M. Cookson epidemiology of factors which promote or protect against allergy, L. Nilsson and B. Bjorksten.
Atopy
Sting
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