Potential of Cellular Therapy for ALS: Current Strategies and Future Prospects
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Abstract:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive upper and lower motor neuron (MN) degeneration with unclear pathology. The worldwide prevalence of ALS is approximately 4.42 per 100,000 populations, and death occurs within 3–5 years after diagnosis. However, no effective therapeutic modality for ALS is currently available. In recent years, cellular therapy has shown considerable therapeutic potential because it exerts immunomodulatory effects and protects the MN circuit. However, the safety and efficacy of cellular therapy in ALS are still under debate. In this review, we summarize the current progress in cellular therapy for ALS. The underlying mechanism, current clinical trials, and the pros and cons of cellular therapy using different types of cell are discussed. In addition, clinical studies of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in ALS are highlighted. The summarized findings of this review can facilitate the future clinical application of precision medicine using cellular therapy in ALS.Keywords:
Cell therapy
Stem Cell Therapy
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of motor neurons. Currently, no effective therapy is available to treat ALS, except for Riluzole, which has only limited clinical benefits. Stem-cell-based therapy has been intensively and extensively studied as a potential novel treatment strategy for ALS and has been shown to be effective, at least to some extent. In this article, we will review the current state of research on the use of stem cell therapy in the treatment of ALS and discuss the most promising stem cells for the treatment of ALS.
Riluzole
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During development, stem cells generate all of the differentiated cells that populate our tissues and organs. Stem cells are also responsible for tissue turnover and repair in adults, and as such, they hold tremendous promise for regenerative therapy. Aging, however, impairs the function of stem cells and is thus a significant roadblock to using stem cells for therapy. Paradoxically, the patients who would benefit the most from regenerative therapies are usually advanced in age. The use of stem cells from young donors or the rejuvenation of aged patient-derived stem cells may represent part of a solution. Nonetheless, the transplantation success of young or rejuvenated stem cells in aged patients is still problematic, since stem cell function is greatly influenced by extrinsic factors that become unsupportive with age. This article briefly reviews how aging impairs stem cell function, and how this has an impact on the use of stem cells for therapy.
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Introduction : Stem cells are cell that can differentiate into any cells. Stem cells can be used
for therapy. Initially stem cells only used as therapy for diseases, in newest research, stem cells
also used as anti aging therapy.
Methods : Stem cell was taken from liposuction fat, processed with centrifugation, incubation,
and washed with collagenase to gain the stem cell. Stem cell given by intravenous injection for
anti aging therapy.
Result : 2 weeks after stem cell therapy, the face looks brightened, reduced wrinkles, better
skin texture, stamina improved, and improvement of the Melasma. Fat transfer with stem cell
therapy more available than usual technique
Discussion : Stem cell therapy basically works in injury places. We used intravenous injection
delivery methods so the stem cell works all over the body to heal the injury places, including
degradated collagen caused by aging. Injection of stem cell significantly increased collagen
synthesis and long life of fat transfer.
Conclusion: Stem cell can be used for aesthetic therapy
Stem Cell Therapy
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Stem cell therapy provides exciting possibilities for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.The mechanisms behind the way in which stem cells improve cardiac function are still unclear.Yet,there are many methods to induce stem cells to express grafted cells.This article introduces current methods of using stem cells and the possible mechanisms for stem cells to treat myocardial infarction.
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Objective: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) may be useful for cardiac cell therapy. While preparation of autologous MSC products is time consuming, allogenic immunotolerant MSC products would be available for off-the-shelf application. We sought to investigate the cardiac regeneration potential of a novel, placenta derived human MSC product (pMSC) in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.
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The review considers the main stages of isolating, processing and clinical use of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). They included: donor selection, selection of the source of MSCs, methods of isolation of cellular suspension from tissue, culturing in vitro for cell biomass propagation, priming of the resulting cell product, timing and ways of its clinical application, selection of the recipient of MSCs. The analysis of the stages of MSCs preparation and conditions for their use was carried out from the position of the influence on the final therapeutic effect of cell therapy in patients (or experimental animals - in preclinical studies). The optimal parameters of work with MSCs at each stage, the possibility to improve their quality / biological activity in order to increase their therapeutic efficacy were determined. The analysis and ways of avoiding the influence of adverse factors associated with the manufacturing and use of MSCs on the effectiveness of cell therapy in patients were given.
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