Li2MTeO6 (M=Ti, Sn): Mid‐Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystal with Strong Second Harmonic Generation Response and Wide Transparency Range
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Abstract Oxide crystals have been widely used in nonlinear optics (NLO) in the ultraviolet–visible and near‐infrared regions. Most traditional oxide crystals are restricted to the mid‐infrared region due to their narrow transmission window. Hence, attempting to extend infrared cutoff wavelength of oxides has attracted much attention. Herein, we report two new tellurates Li 2 TiTeO 6 (LTT) and Li 2 SnTeO 6 (LST) with broad transparent regions of 0.38–6.72 and 0.38–6.86 μm, respectively, as excellent candidates for mid‐infrared NLO applications. Both LTT and LST crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnn2. The LTT crystal exhibits intense powder second‐order generation efficiency (26×KDP) under the fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. First‐principles calculations and dipole moments were used to illustrate the results of the powder second‐harmonic generations based on the crystal structures. Our results provide a novel oxide NLO crystal with a strong SHG and wide transparency range. They also pave a way for the design of new oxide mid‐IR NLO crystals.Keywords:
Orthorhombic crystal system
Crystal (programming language)
Ultraviolet
Chromophore
Hyperpolarizability
Silicon oxide
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In this work, results which are related to the use of laser pulses, namely: (i) strong-field photoionization and the role of the absolute phase; (ii) optimization of the process of high-order harmonic generation are presented.
Ultrafast optics
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Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
Harmonic
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As another new high quality nonlinear optical (NLO) crystal of the borate series, lithium triborate LBO has been characterized in our Fujian Institute. This follows theoretical calculations of the second harmonic generation (SHG) coefficients on the basis of the anionic group theory (which has been generalized into a general NLO active group theory) with the GNDO approximation. This leads to localized wave functions for the component active anionic group (B3O7)5− and the resultant anionic group (B3O5)−.
Lithium triborate
Crystal (programming language)
Component (thermodynamics)
Frequency Conversion
Lithium borate
Optical materials
Harmonic
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The nonlinear optical response of gold films of different thicknesses is investigated by two-beam second-harmonic generation to address the role of surface and bulk effects in their second-order nonlinear optical response. Preliminary results suggest that both types of effects contribute to the measured second-harmonic signals. Furthermore, both effects are found to be enhanced for the thin film with a higher level of nanoscale surface roughness.
Harmonic
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Frequency conversion plays an important role in both fundamental and applied nano-optics. Doubling the frequency of light by second harmonic generation (SHG) is a vital process e.g. in laser optics or high-resolution microscopy. SHG can be created through symmetry breaking at plasmonic nanostructures, or the local high electric near-fields of plasmonic nanoantennas can be utilized to further enhance the SHG e.g. from nonlinear crystals. Examples of SHG microscopy using cylindrical vector beams in combination with tilted nanocones and radially symmetric oligomers are shown as well as enhancement studies of the SHG from nonlinear crystals decorated with polarization-matched nanostructures.
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
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Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) has been widely employed as a surface probe. Applications of the technique to adsorption, desorption, surface diffusion, molecular orientation and surface chemistry of adsorbed molecules are described as examples. Surface SHG and sum frequency generation (SFG) for surface spectroscopic studies are also described.
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Acceptor
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In this manuscript, we review the physics and recent developments of the least invasive optical higher harmonic generation microscopy, with an emphasis on the in vivo molecular imaging applications. Optical higher harmonicgenerations, including second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG), leave no energy deposition to the interacted matters due to their energy-conservation characteristic, providing the "noninvasiveness" nature desirable for clinical studies. Combined with their nonlinearity, harmonic generation microscopy provides threedimensional sectioning capability, offering new insights into live samples. By choosing the lasers working in the high penetration window, we have recently developed a least-invasive in vivo light microscopy with submicron 3D resolution and high penetration, utilizing endogenous and resonantly-enhanced multi-harmonic-generation signals in live specimens, with focused applications on the developmental biology study and clinical virtual biopsy.
Second-harmonic imaging microscopy
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Two classes of laterally azo-bridged H-shaped ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs), incorporating azobenzene and disperse red 1 (DR-1) chromophores along the FLC polar axes, were synthesized and characterized by polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, 2D X-ray diffraction analysis, and electro-optical investigations. They represent the first H-shaped FLC materials exhibiting the ground-state, thermodynamically stable enantiotropic SmC* phase, i.e., ground-state ferroelectricity. Second harmonic generation measurements of one compound incorporating a DR-1 chromophore at the incident wavelength of 1064 nm give a nonlinear coefficient of d(22) = 17 pm/V, the largest nonlinear optics coefficient reported to date for calamitic FLCs. This value enables viable applications of FLCs in nonlinear optics.
Azobenzene
Chromophore
Poling
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