RFID tags and transponders
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Chapter Contents: 15.1 Principle of operation 15.2 History 15.3 Secondary surveillance radar 15.3.1 Interrogation equipment 15.3.2 Transponder equipment 15.3.3 Operation 15.3.4 SSR issues 15.4 Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast 15.4.1 Data format 15.5 AIS transponders 15.6 Radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems 15.6.1 Electronic article surveillance 15.6.2 Multibit EAS tags 15.6.3 Magnetic coupled RFID transponder systems 15.6.4 Electromagnetic coupled RFID transponder systems 15.7 Other applications 15.7.1 House arrest tag 15.7.2 Animal tracking 15.7.3 Near-field communications and proximity cards 15.8 Social issues of RFID 15.9 Technical challenges 15.10 Harmonic radar 15.11 Passive reflected power modulation 15.12 Battlefield combat ID system 15.12.1 Combat identification: the future 15.13 Indoor localisation ReferencesKeywords:
Transponder (aeronautics)
Secondary surveillance radar
Battlefield
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In this paper, an overview of passive ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) is presented. This literature review emphasis on the analog front end part of the RFID transponder based on several published papers conducted by previous researchers. A passive UHF RFID transponder chip design was proposed using 0.18 ¿m standard CMOS process. It is estimated to have power of 1 ¿W and high efficiency that greater than 32%. This design will work in the range of frequency between 900 MHz to 960 MHz.
Transponder (aeronautics)
Analog front-end
Emphasis (telecommunications)
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Position (finance)
Identification
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Abstract. Low frequency radio frequency identification (LF-RFID) systems have been established as a standard for animal identification. Ultra-high frequency (UHF-) RFID systems could provide other advanced applications such as automated activity measurement and real-time localization of animals. However, strong influence of reflections and absorption lead to signal attenuation, which poses major challenges for UHF systems. Especially ear tissue causes strong absorption of the electromagnetic waves, changes in the resonance frequency of UHF transponders and, thus, impairs reading performance. In a current research project, UHF transponder ear tags, readers and antennas for pig farming are being developed further. The objective of this study is to test a series of small UHF ear tags, which were designed especially for use in growing-finishing pigs. Five different types of UHF transponder ear tags were tested in a test setup for behavior monitoring. For this purpose, a playing device with a straw container and a wooden beam was equipped with a RFID antenna to detect the pigs' visits. The RFID data was compared to reference data from video observation to evaluate the readability in a defined area around the playing device. A binary classification was used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, precision and accuracy of the visit detection to the split second. Three of five transponder types achieved a satisfying performance. Based on these results, suitable types will be selected for a further reduction of size for piglet ear tags. This field trial showed that a reduction of transponder antenna size without loss of performance is possible.
Transponder (aeronautics)
Identification
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Abstract This paper presents a methodical design and prototyping of a passive European ultra‐high frequency (UHF) band radio frequency identification (RFID) transponder. The transponder has a 70 × 17 × 0.3 mm 3 copper antenna whose design is based on the folded dipole architecture and utilizes techniques such as meandering and end loading to match a Texas Instruments (TI) UHF‐RFID chip through a T‐match feeding network. The tag's simulated and measured performances indicate good coverage of the entire UHF band with a return loss better than 10 dB. The transponder was then fabricated using inexpensive off‐the‐shelf materials and its performance was tested. The proposed tag achieved good gain, read range, and cost efficiency when compared with current folded dipole antennas and can be easily adapted for various applications such as supply chain, access or security, and vehicle identification.
Transponder (aeronautics)
Rapid Prototyping
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The present publication describes an innovative concept for fawn saving during pasture mowing in spring time. Conventional approaches like scaring by dogs or scarecrows are ineffective and time consuming especially for large areas. Other technical solutions have different drawbacks or insufficient search performance. Within the active UHF RFID localization system the processes of identifying fawns and rescuing them during mowing are separated. To recover them during the mowing sequence the fawns, covered in high and thick grass, are marked with active UHF RFID Transponders. The UHF RFID Transponder is attached to the eavesdropper of the fawn. By using chip antennae an overall size of a one euro coin was achieved despite working within the UHF band. Due to the unknown position of the transponder in high grass the directivity of the chip antennae was measured with consideration of co-and cross-polarization. An efficient power management enables a lifetime of about one month. In addition, the UHF RFID Transponder is supplied with an environment-friendly zinc air battery.
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Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the buzzwords receiving a lot of coverage in the IT world lately. An RFID system is an identification system that uses radio waves to retrieve data from a device called a tag or a transponder. RFID is all around us in our daily lives—in the supermarkets, libraries, bookstores, and so on. RFID provides a quick and efficient way to collect information, such as stocktaking in a warehouse or tracking of the whereabouts of items.
Transponder (aeronautics)
Identification
Tracking (education)
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Ultra-high-frequency radio frequency identification systems (UHF-RFID systems) offer multiple application possibilities for animal identification. In a present joint project, UHF transponder ear tags and readers are currently being developed especially for use with cattle and pigs. An automatic test bench was developed for measuring the detection area and signal strength of various transponders, the aim being to enable with this test bench comparison of different types of UHF-transponder ear tags in different orientations to reader antennas. Described in this paper is the constructional development and functionality of the test bench as well as trials to determine reproducibility, influence of two trial parameters and suitability of the test bench for the required purpose. The results demonstrate that the test bench fulfilled all the stipulated requirements and enabled a preliminary selection of suitable types of UHF ear tags for use in practice.
Transponder (aeronautics)
Test bench
Identification
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This paper describes the development of a long range monitoring system that integrates Cottonwood: UHF Long Distance RFID reader module with Raspberry Pi 3. When a UHF RFID tag is within the UHF RFID reader antenna’s range, the unique ID of the tag will be transferred to the Raspberry Pi 3 to be processed. Then, the data will be sent over to the database wirelessly to be managed, stored, and displayed. The paper also describes the measurement done to determine the most suitable thickness of PDMS material so that it could be incorporated as a wearable transponder. After the result is calculated and tabulated, it can be concluded that the most suitable thickness of PDMS material for the transponder is 8 mm.
Transponder (aeronautics)
Raspberry Pi
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A contactless method of measuring the radiation pattern of a UHF RFID transponder is presented. The novel technique does not require any special transponder IC or measurement equipment. The measurement method also enables radiation pattern determination in the end-use application. The measurement setup and some example results are presented.
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Currently used low frequency (LF) Radio frequency identification systems (RFID) systems for electronic animal identification can only identify animals separately rather than several animals simultaneously. Thus, animals have to pass the RFID reader individually for identification. Ultra high frequency (UHF) systems provide the opportunity to read multiple tags simultaneously. Due to their susceptibility to water and metal they are considered unsuitable for animal identification so far. But during the last years UHF transponders have been developed which are less susceptible to these disturbances as previous results show (Stekeler et al., 2011). The present paper describes trials on the use of UHF RFID systems for identification of fattening pigs. Two types of further developed UHF transponders were used to build two types of UHF ear tags (A and B). 12 piglets each were tagged with either a type of ear tag A or B. Two 1.1 m wide identification portals were installed in the alley of the feeding house using two types of UHF readers (I and II). Trials were carried out about the performance of the UHF RFID system over 14 dates during the growing and finishing period of fattening pigs. For assessment the identification rate of both ear tag types (A & B) and reader types (I & II) was calculated. Transponder type A achieved significantly reduced average identification rates than transponder type B (A: 45%, B: 57%; p<0.001). Reader I achieved significantly higher average identification rates than reader II (I: 55%, II: 46%; p<0.001). A significant impact of the combination of transponder type and reader type was observed (A.I: 61%, A.II: 29%, B.I: 50%, B.II: 64%; p<0,001). The results show that simultaneous identification of pigs with a UHF system is possible in very unsuitable situations. However, the identification rates achieved are not sufficient for practical work. But it was demonstrated that by applying the correct combination of transponder and reader the identification rates could be markedly improved.
Transponder (aeronautics)
Identification
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