Biosorption and health risk assessment of arsenic contaminated water through cotton stalk biochar
Iftikhar AhmadUmme FarwaZia Ul Haq KhanMuhammad ImranMuhammad Shafique KhalidBo ZhuAtta RasoolGhulam Mustafa ShahMuhammad TahirMunir AhmedSalar RezapourLaura Bulgariu
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Langmuir adsorption model
Abstract In this research, capability of brown macroalga Colpomenia sinuosa for biosorption of arsenic [As(III) and As(V)] from aqueous solutions was investigated in a single-component batch system. Kinetic experiments indicated that As(III) and As(V) biosorption by C. sinuosa was rapid, and that 90–98% of equilibrium capacity of biosorption in 30 min was reached. Biosorption kinetics of As(III) and As(V) by the biomass at different concentrations were well described in terms of pseudo-second-order rate model (R 2 > 0.999 and ϵ% < 12.1%). In the pH range of 2–9, the optimum pH values for As(III) and As(V) biosorption were determined to be 6 and 2, respectively. The optimal pH of As(V) biosorption is highly acidic and its provision in operating the process would be difficult. Isotherm experiments were conducted in initial ion concentration range of 2–100 mg/L. The isotherm data were fitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir–Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson models. Isotherm data of As(III) biosorption were found to be in the best fitness with the Freundlich–Langmuir model (R 2 > 0.996 and ϵ% < 4.2%) while the Langmuir model (R 2 > 0.995 and ϵ% < 5.6%) described the isotherm data of As(V) biosorption better than the other isotherm models. According to the Langmuir model, the maximum biosorption capacities (qm ) of As(III) and As(V) were obtained to be 95.6 and 59.9 mg/g, respectively. This study indicated that C. sinuosa biomass could be used as an efficient biosorbent for removal of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous environments.
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The properties of biosorption of dye(Rhodmine B) was investigated to figure out the effects of temperature as a function of dye concentration and sludge concentration by the Langmuir and Lagergen adsorption model. It was found that the uptake capacity of biosorption was increased at low temperature. The Langmuir adsorption model was found suitable for describing the biosorption of the dye. The experimental results indicated that the dye uptake process followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics.
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The removal of copper ions from aqueous solutions using bean shells as an adsorbent is presented in this paper. The influence of the solution pH on the biosorption capacity was investigated. The biosorption capacity increased with the increase in the solution pH. The pseudo-second order kinetic model showed the best agreement with the analysed experimental data, indicating that chemisorption could be a possible way of binding the copper ions to the surface of the bean shells. The Langmuir isotherm model best fitted the analysed isotherm data. The SEM-EDS analysis was performed before and after the biosorption process. The change in the morphology of the sample after the biosorption process was evident, whereby K, Mg, Si and Ca were possibly exchanged with copper ions. Response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box?Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the biosorption process, with the selected factors: the solution pH, initial copper ions concentration and contact time. The optimum biosorption conditions were determined to be: pH 3?4, initial copper ions concentration, 100 mg dm-3, and contact time, 10?30 min.
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Standard isotherm equations do not estimate capacity (Qmax) and distribution coefficient (Kd) for complex or non-Langmuir-shaped isotherm plots. In this study, two mycotoxins, that is, aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), were mixed with kaolinite and a naturally acidic montmorillonite clay (LPHM) at 25 °C, respectively. Isotherm data gave S-type plots. The data were fitted to the models of Langmuir (LM) and multi-Langmuir (MLM); however, these models did not provide a good fit for data that displayed multisite adsorption or multiple plateaus. While a published modification of the Langmuir equation (QKLM), which defines an effective partition coefficient as a function of the surface coverage, was able to fit simple isotherm plots from all categories (H, L, S, C), it did not fit complex or multisite isotherm plots. Importantly, an equation that enables the estimation of Qmax and Kd for both S-shaped and multisite isotherm plots has not yet been reported. Since the LM, MLM, and QKLM did not provide adequate fitting of the data, several modifications of the LM were developed: shifted Langmuir, shifted squared Langmuir, shifted cubed Langmuir, shifted exponential Langmuir, exponential Langmuir, and shifted modified Langmuir. These equations were used to derive information about the adsorption of mycotoxins to clay and to gain insight into the molecular mechanism(s) and site(s) of adsorption. The objectives of this study were to present a series of modified Langmuir equations that can be used to estimate the Qmax and Kd of a specific adsorption site and to relate Qmax to available adsorption area.
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The Langmuir isotherm is a widely used model for analyzing adsorption equilibrium data. This study evaluated the efficiency and accuracy of all four linear forms of the Langmuir isotherm and its non-linear form using 67 experimental data sets selected from the literature. The results showed that only if all four linear forms simultaneously show high accuracy, then the non-linear form also shows high accuracy, and therefore it can be said that the process probably follows the Langmuir isotherm. On the contrary, when at least one of the four linear forms of the Langmuir isotherm has low accuracy, it means that the non-linear form also has low accuracy, and it can be concluded that this process does not follow the Langmuir isotherm. This research suggests that all four linear forms of the Langmuir isotherm should be evaluated simultaneously to conclude whether the studied system follows the Langmuir isotherm or not. In other words, relying on only one of the four linear forms of the Langmuir isotherm to model adsorption and calculate the Langmuir constant and maximum adsorption capacity is an incomplete approach, contrary to the conventional approach.
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The Langmuir adsorption isotherm provides one of the simplest and most direct methods to quantify an adsorption process. Because isotherm data from protein adsorption studies often appear to be fit well by the Langmuir isotherm model, estimates of protein binding affinity have often been made from its use despite that fact that none of the conditions required for a Langmuir adsorption process may be satisfied for this type of application. The physical events that cause protein adsorption isotherms to often provide a Langmuir-shaped isotherm can be explained as being due to changes in adsorption-induced spreading, reorientation, clustering, and aggregation of the protein on a surface as a function of solution concentration in contrast to being due to a dynamic equilibrium adsorption process, which is required for Langmuir adsorption. Unless the requirements of the Langmuir adsorption process can be confirmed, fitting of the Langmuir model to protein adsorption isotherm data to obtain thermodynamic properties, such as the equilibrium constant for adsorption and adsorption free energy, may provide erroneous values that have little to do with the actual protein adsorption process, and should be avoided. In this article, a detailed analysis of the Langmuir isotherm model is presented along with a quantitative analysis of the level of error that can arise in derived parameters when the Langmuir isotherm is inappropriately applied to characterize a protein adsorption process.
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The objective of this study was to investigate the biosorption of Zn (II) from aqueous solution by Aspergillus fumigatus immobilized in calcium alginate. The effects of adsorbent dosage, initial solution pH, contact time and initial Zn (II) concentrations were investigated. Results were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The results showed an increase in biosorption efficiency with increase in biosorbent dosage. The optimum pH of adsorption was 5.0 while the maximum adsorption was achieved within 10 minutes at initial Zn (II) concentration of 1 mg/L. The experimental results showed a high R2 (0.9070) value for the Langmuir isotherm. This therefore suggests that it is a monolayer adsorption. The maximum biosorption capacity was 3.55 mgg-1. These results indicate that zinc metal removal by biomass of Aspergillus fumigatus immobilized in alginate is a low cost wastewater treatment option and can be effectively used in small scale treatment plants.Keywords: Biosorption, Aspergillus fumigatus, Adsorbent, Alginate, Isotherm, Langmuir
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Calcium alginate
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