Short-term N addition in a Pinus tabuliformis plantation: Microbial community composition and interactions show different linkages with ecological stoichiometry
Jiaoyang ZhangZemin AiHongfei LiuDarrell W.S. TangXiaomei YangGuoliang WangYing LiuGuobin LiuElly MorriënSha Xue
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Biogeochemical Cycle
Ecological stoichiometry
Acidobacteria
Soil carbon
Terrestrial ecosystem
Nutrient cycle
The aim of the study was to exmine the effct of low rate of potassium humate application with and without fly ash (FA) on wheat roots rhizosphere bacteriobiome. Location and time of the study. The microplot field experiment was conducted in three replicates in randomized design in 2022 in Novosibirsk (Russia). Methods. Soil physical and chemical properties were determined by commonly used methods. Bacteriobiome structure and diversity were estimated by 16S rRNA genes (V3-V4 region) by metabarcoding. Results. The study revealed large bacteriobiome diversity: on average 2472 and 2330 operational taxonomic units (OTU) in bulk and rhizosphere soil< respectively. Overall 9120 OTE were found, belonging to 929 genera, 438 families, 416 orders, 104 classes and 37 phyla. A quarter of the total OTUs number belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum; Actinobacteria phylum ranked second in OTUs number (10%), whereas Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Acidobacteria each accounted for 8% of the total OTUs number. The Actinobacteria dominated in the relative abundance of the total number of sequence reads (38–41%), with Proteobacteria (25–28%) and Acidobacteria (10–13%) following. The treatment with potassium humate without fly ash did not influence the relative abundance of genera in the bulk soil, but increased twofold the relative abundance of the genus when combined with FA. In the rhizosphere soil bacteriobiome potassium humate without FA increased the Nocardioides relative abundance 1.8 times, whereas in combination with FA increased Sphingomonas and decreased Spartobacteria_gis relative abundance. Conclusions. Potassium humate treatment at a low rate resulted in small, but positive changes in soil and rhizosphere bacteriobiome despite the huge bacterial diversity, inherent for practically any soil, including the one used in this study. The effect of exogenic humate treatment involves a complex of various mechanisms, and detailed physiological and biochemical studies and meta-analysis of the published data are needed to understand the effect of low rate humate application on soil, plans and microorganisms.
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In this study we report the bacterial diversity of biological soil crusts (biocrusts) inhabiting polar desert soils at the northern land limit of the Arctic polar region (83° 05 N). Employing pyrosequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes this study demonstrated that these biocrusts harbor diverse bacterial communities, often as diverse as temperate latitude communities. The effect of wetting pulses on the composition of communities was also determined by collecting samples from soils outside and inside of permafrost water tracks, hill slope flow paths that drain permafrost-affected soils. The intermittent flow regime in the water tracks was correlated with altered relative abundance of phylum level taxonomic bins in the bacterial communities, but the alterations varied between individual sampling sites. Bacteria related to the Cyanobacteria and Acidobacteria demonstrated shifts in relative abundance based on their location either inside or outside of the water tracks. Among cyanobacterial sequences, the proportion of sequences belonging to the family Oscillatoriales consistently increased in relative abundance in the samples from inside the water tracks compared to those outside. Acidobacteria showed responses to wetting pulses in the water tracks, increasing in abundance at one site and decreasing at the other two sites. Subdivision 4 acidobacterial sequences tended to follow the trends in the total Acidobacteria relative abundance, suggesting these organisms were largely responsible for the changes observed in the Acidobacteria. Taken together, these data suggest that the bacterial communities of these high latitude polar biocrusts are diverse but do not show a consensus response to intermittent flow in water tracks over high Arctic permafrost.
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Abstract Biological control of nutrient cycles is well documented in aquatic ecosystems, where consumer‐driven recycling by herbivores can significantly impact ecosystem stoichiometry. In contrast, little is known in terrestrial ecosystems, where there is evidence that herbivores can also impact ecosystem stoichiometry. I studied a stoichiometric model of the soil‐plant‐herbivore system. The model shows that herbivores influence the ecosystem stoichiometry mainly through the direct and indirect controls of ecosystem inputs and losses, in a more complex way than predicted by the classic consumer‐driven recycling theory. Overall, it shows that herbivores affect nutrient ratios in terrestrial ecosystems mostly independently of their own stoichiometric ratios, and that their impact may be different in forest versus grassland. The results highlight the sensitivity of terrestrial ecosystems to elusive actors, negligible in biomass but capable of modifying nutrient loss rates with major impacts on nutrient cycles and ecosystem stoichiometry.
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Ecologists are increasingly recognizing the importance of consumers in regulating ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling. Ecologists have recently made considerable progress in understanding nutrient cycling and trophic interactions in pelagic systems by application of a new concept, ecological stoichiometry, to consumer-driven processes. In this paper we synthesize these conceptual advances within pelagic ecology and attempt to illustrate how they may be usefully applied in other ecosystems. Stoichiometric theory shows that both grazer and algal elemental composition are critical parameters influencing rates and ratios of nutrient release. Thus, the stoichiometry of nutrient recycling is a feedback mechanism linking grazer dynamics and algal nutritional status. Incorporation of such effects into a fully dynamic stoichiometric model generates profound changes in the predicted dynamics of algae and grazers, suggesting that adoption of a stoichiometric view may substantively alter our view of the interaction between trophic dynamics and nutrient cycling. The basic predictions of stoichiometric models of nutrient release are generally supported by experimental data showing that N:P release ratios are primarily a function of algal N:P ratio and secondarily a function of grazer N:P ratio, and that rates of P release by grazers are also related to food P:C. Furthermore, evidence for effects of nutrient release stoichiometry on phytoplankton communities and pelagic ecosystem function is accumulating, including data showing consistent alterations in algal physiological status and ecosystem-scale changes in N fixation in response to altered grazer community structure and elemental composition. As the general features of the stoichiometry of algae–zooplankton interactions reflect fundamental biological processes linked to plant and animal mineral nutrition, the stoichiometric view of consumer-driven nutrient recycling can easily be applied to other ecosystems, including terrestrial and benthic food webs. A suite of potential applications of stoichiometric thinking to benthic and terrestrial habitats is suggested.
Ecological stoichiometry
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Plant stoichiometry is thought to have a major influence on how herbivores affect nutrient availability in ecosystems. Most conceptual models predict that plants with high nutrient contents increase nutrient excretion by herbivores, in turn raising nutrient availability. To test this hypothesis, we built a stoichiometrically explicit model that includes a simple but thorough description of the processes of herbivory and decomposition. Our results challenge traditional views of herbivore impacts on nutrient availability in many ways. They show that the relationship between plant nutrient content and the impact of herbivores predicted by conceptual models holds only at high plant nutrient contents. At low plant nutrient contents, the impact of herbivores is mediated by the mineralization/immobilization of nutrients by decomposers and by the type of resource limiting the growth of decomposers. Both parameters are functions of the mismatch between plant and decomposer stoichiometries. Our work provides new predictions about the impacts of herbivores on ecosystem fertility that depend on critical interactions between plant, herbivore and decomposer stoichiometries in ecosystems.
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