Multivalency in Protein–Carbohydrate Recognition
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Glycoconjugate
Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
Molecular Recognition
Glycoconjugates and its biological function have been playing a more and more important role in modern biotechnology and medicine industry.It has been proved that many of natural polysaccharides or glycoconjugates can depress the activity of every kind of virus.Immunobiological function of glycoconjugates is mainly presented in this paper.And its interdiction of viral adsorption,mucosal immune response,systemic antibody immunity and immune adjuvant is also discussed to show the anti-influenza viral activity of glycoconjugates.
Glycoconjugate
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Abstract Carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction at the air-water interface was investigated by π-A isotherms of GM3 (ganglioside monosialate 3, NeuAcα2-3Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer) and LacCer (lactosyleramide, Galβ1-4Glcβ1-Cer) in the presence of glycoconjugate polystyrenes bearing Gg3 oligosaccharide (GalNAcβ1-4Galβ1-4Glc), lactose, and cellobiose.
Glycoconjugate
Oligosaccharide
Carbohydrate synthesis
Ganglioside
Carbohydrate conformation
Carbohydrate chemistry
Disaccharide
Cyclitol
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The modern concepts of lectins and glycoconjugates binding to them, the features and patterns of their interaction, the protective role and potential in the human body are summarized. The analysis of terms, approaches to classifications of lectins is carried out. The features of natural and synthetic glycoconjugates, recognized and bound by lectins, in symbiotic relationships, in innate immunity at the reception level are emphasized. The levels of specificity of lectins are considered. There is a need to expand research on the glycoconjugate specificity of lectins and their systems, to assess the communication potential of glycoconjugates in relation to any protein combinations and systems as lectins. The participation of lectin and glycoconjugate systems in signal transmission and communication is noted. Lectins manifest themselves as basic for superstructure glycoconjugate effectors in soluble and solid cell phases in cascade directed assemblies forming the interactome network. Lectins and glycoconjugates, as inextricably co-functioning, are promising in biology, medicine and biotechnologies.
Glycoconjugate
Interactome
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The elevation of blood lipid concentrations in response to the consumption of low-fat high-carbohydrate diets is known as carbohydrate-induced hypertriacylglycerolaemia (HPTG). An understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction between carbohydrates and plasma lipids may help determine whether carbohydrate-induced HPTG would increase cardiovascular risk. There is growing evidence to suggest that the sugar component of the diet may be largely responsible, rather than the total carbohydrate. In most studies designed to investigate the mechanisms of carbohydrate-induced HPTG, the amounts and types of sugars and starches used in the diets are not specified. Findings have been mixed and inconsistent. It is proposed that the elucidation of mechanisms from current studies could have been confounded by the different ways in which sugars are metabolized in the body. At present, there are few studies that have evaluated the independent effects of dietary sugars. Interest has been focused on de novo lipogenesis (DNL), as it has recently been found to be positively correlated with increases in fasting TAG levels produced on high-carbohydrate diets, indicating that DNL may contribute to carbohydrate-induced HPTG. DNL has been found to be determined by starch:sugar in a high-carbohydrate diet and affected by different types of sugars. The presence of DNL in adipose tissue is supported by emerging gene-expression studies in human subjects. In the wake of rising intakes of sugars, further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms associated with different sugars, so that appropriate therapeutic strategies can be adopted.
Lipogenesis
Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
Carbohydrate Metabolism
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Glycoconjugate
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The elevation of blood lipid concentrations in response to the consumption of low-fat high-carbohydrate diets is known as carbohydrate-induced hypertriacylglycerolaemia (HPTG). An understanding of the mechanisms involved in the interaction between carbohydrates and plasma lipids may help determine whether carbohydrate-induced HPTG would increase cardiovascular risk. There is growing evidence to suggest that the sugar component of the diet may be largely responsible, rather than the total carbohydrate. In most studies designed to investigate the mechanisms of carbohydrate-induced HPTG, the amounts and types of sugars and starches used in the diets are not specified. Findings have been mixed and inconsistent. It is proposed that the elucidation of mechanisms from current studies could have been confounded by the different ways in which sugars are metabolized in the body. At present, there are few studies that have evaluated the independent effects of dietary sugars. Interest has been focused on de novo lipogenesis (DNL), as it has recently been found to be positively correlated with increases in fasting TAG levels produced on high-carbohydrate diets, indicating that DNL may contribute to carbohydrate-induced HPTG. DNL has been found to be determined by starch:sugar in a high-carbohydrate diet and affected by different types of sugars. The presence of DNL in adipose tissue is supported by emerging gene-expression studies in human subjects. In the wake of rising intakes of sugars, further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms associated with different sugars, so that appropriate therapeutic strategies can be adopted.
Lipogenesis
Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
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Human ovarian carcinoma cells were isolated as multicellular aggregates from patient effusions. Freshly isolated cells were incubated with radioactive glycoconjugate precursors and the glycoconjugates released to culture medium were analyzed. The glycoconjugates appeared to contain both O- and N-linked oligosaccharides. Both fucosylation and sialylation of glycoconjugates occurred. The results of SDS-PAGE analysis showed the presence of a very heterogeneous array of glycoconjugates with no discrete components resolved. The results of glycoconjugate analyses were independent of carcinoma histology, differentiation, progression, and patient chemotherapy. In contrast, mesothelial cells synthesized a major glycoconjugate of molecular mass 65 KDa. The heterogeneous array of carcinoma-derived glycoconjugates may be transformation-related and may have utility in tumor diagnosis and prognosis.
Glycoconjugate
Fucosylation
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Carbohydrate microarrays were fabricated on poly(2-methylacrylic acid) (pMAA)-based substrates. They were used for investigating the specific interactions of polysaccharides and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
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Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
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Carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein
Lipogenesis
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