Crowding stress-related protein markers: New candidates for assessing welfare of largemouth bass reared in an in-pond raceway system
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Several structures can be used to estimate ages of Micropterus salmoides (Largemouth Bass) and Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass). Otoliths are often employed for these black bass age determinations, but processing otoliths can be time consuming and requires an investment in training and equipment. Scales and dorsal spines can also be analyzed to measure age, but precision and accuracy problems have been documented. Use of opercles to estimate age in Largmouth and Smallmouth Bass has not been previously examined. Utilization of both otoliths and opercles requires sacrificing the fish, but opercles are easier to remove and process than otoliths. In our study, four readers estimated the ages of the fish using each of the four structures. Opercles had the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) for both species (Largemouth Bass = 6.31, Smallmouth Bass = 5.23), but underestimated the ages of Largemouth Bass older than nine and Smallmouth Bass older than six, relative to otoliths. Opercles proved easier to prepare and read, and the results showed lower age-bias, higher precision, higher among-reader agreement, and less reader bias than scales and dorsal spines.
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The practical diets and feeding practices for, as well as nutrient requirements of Micropterus salmoides are presented and discussed in this chapter.
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A laboratory and feeding experiment measuring the food conversion and growth rates of five largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) ranging in length from 117 to 312 millimeters (4.6 to 12.3 inches) and sixteen smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) ranging in length from 83 to 202 millimeters (3.3 to 7.9 inches) gave average food conversion values of 4.5 for the smallmouth bass, and 3.8 for the largemouth bass when an excess of small, live fish were fed, and average aquarium temperature was 70.3 degrees F. Individual bass consumed from 2.5 to 13.3 percent of their initial body weight daily, with highest consumption usually by the smaller bass. Average daily increase in weight in proportion to initial weight varied considerably, but was also greatest for the smaller fish.
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Abstract We compared the precision of age estimates from anal spines, dorsal spines, otoliths, and scales and evaluated the agreement of age estimates from nonlethal structures (i.e., anal spines, dorsal spines, and scales) to estimates obtained from otoliths for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu collected in northeastern South Dakota glacial lakes. Reader agreement and coefficient of variation ( CV ) significantly differed across structures for both species. Otoliths had the highest complete and partial (i.e., at least two of three agree) reader agreement rates, while scales had the lowest for both species along with dorsal spines for Smallmouth Bass. Mean CV for otolith age estimates was 2.0% for Largemouth Bass and 2.3% for Smallmouth Bass; CV means for the nonlethal structures ranged from 8.0% to 15.2% for Largemouth Bass and from 10.0% to 10.7% for Smallmouth Bass. Age estimates derived from anal spines and dorsal spines underestimated ages of both species relative to otoliths. Otolith and scale age estimates were similar through age 9 for Largemouth Bass and through age 7 for Smallmouth Bass. Scale ages generally coincided with otolith ages for Largemouth Bass < 35 cm TL and for Smallmouth Bass < 31 cm TL . Neither anal spines nor dorsal spines proved to be a good nonlethal alternative for estimating ages, while scales may have utility for younger cohorts of both species. We recommend that otoliths be the standard structure for estimating Largemouth Bass and Smallmouth Bass ages when sacrificing fish is acceptable. If sacrificing fish is a concern, then scales may be used as a surrogate for estimating ages of Largemouth Bass < 35 cm TL and Smallmouth Bass < 34 cm TL .
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A total of 65 largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, and 27 smallmouth bass, M. dolomieu, collected in April-September 2000 and April-July 2001 from Gull Lake, Michigan, were examined for acanthocephalans. Leptorhynchoides thecatus and Neoechinorhynchus cylindratus infected all the bass examined. Leptorhynchoides thecatus had the highest mean intensity (258.2 +/- 185.4 in 2000 and 145.0 +/- 61.0 in 2001) of the species infecting smallmouth bass. Although N. cylindratus had higher mean intensities (42.1 +/- 37.9 in 2000 and 68.9 +/- 70.5 in 2001) than did L. thecatus in largemouth bass, the values were not significantly different between bass species. The prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance of Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli in the bass species were below the values for the other acanthocephalan species. Leptorhynchoides thecatus and N. cylindratus are the most abundant intestinal helminths in bass from Gull Lake.
Centrarchidae
Acanthocephala
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Abstract The widespread occurrence of gonadal intersex (presence of testicular oocytes) has been recently reported in populations of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) and Smallmouth Bass Micropterus dolomieu) from populations across North America. To evaluate the historical occurrence of intersex in bass species, gonads were examined visually and histologically from Largemouth Bass and Smallmouth Bass from museum specimens collected from 16 States. These fishes were collected between 1823-1965, before the widespread discharge of estrogenic chemicals to surface waters via wastewater effluents. All females examined had normal ovaries. Intersex gonads were identified in 17.8 % of male Largemouth Bass, and in 14.2% of male Smallmouth Bass. The intensity of testicular oocytes in some males was as great as observed since 2000. These results indicate that the occurrence of this form of intersex in these bass species is not a recent phenomenon.
Centrarchidae
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Agonistic behaviour
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