How to manage human-wildlife interactions? An interdisciplinary spatially-explicit adaptive method
Gwenaëlle Le LayLaurence Hubert‐MoyPhilippe ClergeauUnited States Regional of The International Association For Landscape Ecology
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1. What is Wildlife Management? 2. Neglect and Exploitation. 3. Some Successes in Managing Wildlife. 4. Ecosystems and Natural Communities. 5. Population Ecology 6. Animal Behavior and Wildlife Management. 7. Food and Cover. 8. Wildlife Diseases. 9. Predators and Predation. 10. Hunting and Trapping. 11. Wildlife and Water. 12. Wildlife and Soils. 13. Wildlife and Farmlands. 14. Wildlife and Rangelands. 15. Forest Management and Wildlife. 16. Wildlife in Parks and Refuges. 17. Urban Wildlife. 18. Exotic Wildlife. 19. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife. 20. Economics of Wildlife. 21. Conservation Biology and Wildlife Management. 22. Wildlife as a Public Trust. 23. Conclusion. Glossary. Literature Cited. Index.
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EFFECTIVE wildlife management needs to be based on the application of sound scientific principles and concepts. Both of these books provide a framework for the application of concepts and principles to wildlife management problems and attempt to bridge the gap between research and its application in management. Conservation of Wildlife Populations, by L. Scott Mills, explains theories, concepts and principles developed in the field of population biology, and their management applications. It encompasses population ecology, demography and population genetics. Wildlife Damage Control, by Jim Hone, identifies and explains the application of principles involved in assessing and controlling damage caused by wildlife.
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The aim of this study was to examine the values and attitudes held by Australasian wildlife managers as they relate to wildlife management issues, and to gain some insight into possible future directions and priorities for Australasian wildlife management. During December 2002 – February 2003, 138 questionnaires were completed by members of the Australasian Wildlife Management Society (AWMS) and registrants of the 2002 AWMS annual conference. Threatened species management, threatened communities/habitats, and management of introduced species were the issues rated as needing the highest priority for the Australasian Wildlife Management Society. Issues such as animal rights, genetically modified organisms and timber harvesting on public lands were the lowest-rating issues. Respondents expressed a strong belief in managing and controlling wildlife to achieve wildlife management objectives, a strong belief that wildlife should be protected and that wildlife managers should minimise the pain and suffering of individual animals, and a belief that resources should be directed towards conserving wildlife populations rather than protecting individual animals from non-threatened populations. While respondents held a strong belief that it is important to consult the community when developing wildlife management policies and programs, there was little support for a comanagerial approach where the community has a significant role to play in decision-making processes.
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1. What is Wildlife Management? 2. Neglect and Exploitation. 3. Some Successes in Managing Wildlife. 4. Ecosystems and Natural Communities. 5. Population Ecology 6. Animal Behavior and Wildlife Management. 7. Food and Cover. 8. Wildlife Diseases. 9. Predators and Predation. 10. Hunting and Trapping. 11. Wildlife and Water. 12. Wildlife and Soils. 13. Wildlife and Farmlands. 14. Wildlife and Rangelands. 15. Forest Management and Wildlife. 16. Wildlife in Parks and Refuges. 17. Urban Wildlife. 18. Exotic Wildlife. 19. Nongame and Endangered Wildlife. 20. Economics of Wildlife. 21. Conservation Biology and Wildlife Management. 22. Wildlife as a Public Trust. 23. Conclusion. Glossary. Literature Cited. Index.
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Japan is known for having high biodiversity, with more than 90,000 confirmed animal species, and is listed as one of the 34 "biodiversity hotspots" of the world. From the end of the 1800s to the 1970s, wildlife management focused primarily on "conservation," owing to the fact that most of the major wildlife species were overhunted during that period in Japan. However, thanks to wildlife conservation laws and efforts, species such as wild boar and deer have increased their populations rapidly and have expanded their ranges broadly. Research regarding wildlife management traditionally has been considered as a field of natural science in Japan. Social studies regarding wildlife management conducted in Japan have three primary features: (1) most of these social studies have been conducted because of increasing damage caused by wildlife, (2) a number of these studies have not necessarily followed or utilized findings from human dimensions studies in other parts of the world, and (3) and most of the studies have been published only in Japanese, which has made it nearly impossible for others outside of Japan to understand the social aspects of any studies regarding wildlife management in this country.
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The aim of this study was to examine the values and attitudes held by Australasian wildlife managers as they relate to wildlife management issues, and to gain some insight into possible future directions and priorities for Australasian wildlife management. During December 2002 – February 2003, 138 questionnaires were completed by members of the Australasian Wildlife Management Society (AWMS) and registrants of the 2002 AWMS annual conference. Threatened species management, threatened communities/habitats, and management of introduced species were the issues rated as needing the highest priority for the Australasian Wildlife Management Society. Issues such as animal rights, genetically modified organisms and timber harvesting on public lands were the lowest-rating issues. Respondents expressed a strong belief in managing and controlling wildlife to achieve wildlife management objectives, a strong belief that wildlife should be protected and that wildlife managers should minimise the pain and suffering of individual animals, and a belief that resources should be directed towards conserving wildlife populations rather than protecting individual animals from non-threatened populations. While respondents held a strong belief that it is important to consult the community when developing wildlife management policies and programs, there was little support for a comanagerial approach where the community has a significant role to play in decision-making processes.
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It is now well established that men and women often differ significantly in their attitudes and responses to workplace situations, challenges and policies. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of gender on perceptions and priorities held by Australasian wildlife managers. Data were collected via a questionnaire distributed during December 2002 – February 2003 to members of the Australasian Wildlife Management Society (AWMS) and registrants of the 2002 AWMS annual conference. The results show that there are now significantly more female AWMS members than there were in the early 1990s, a possible indication of a change in the wider wildlife management profession in Australasia. Consistent with previous research, male respondents held different views from female respondents about wildlife and wildlife management. In particular, male respondents were significantly more likely to express the ‘management/consumptive use of wildlife’ perspective than female respondents. Interestingly, this gap was observed only in the 18–30-year age category. The paper examines what these differences might mean for the future of wildlife management in Australasia.
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