Abstract:
This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The great debate: surgery versus radiotherapy Surgery plus adjuvant radiotherapy How does radiotherapy work? Methods of radiotherapy administration Radiotherapy simulation and planning Radiotherapy treatment factors Optimising radiotherapy treatment Treatment-related toxicities Acute radiotherapy toxicities Late radiotherapy toxicities Second malignancies Radiotherapy and quality of life Conclusion Frequently asked questions Resources ReferencesKeywords:
Adjuvant radiotherapy
Chapter 5 discusses breast radiotherapy and includes discussion on the evidence-based rationale for radiotherapy, including adjuvant loco-regional radiotherapy and other indications, adverse effects of breast and lymphatic radiotherapy, pre-planning procedures, radiotherapy planning, treatment and verification, and patient assessment and follow-up.
Adjuvant radiotherapy
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Adjuvant radiotherapy
Radical mastectomy
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Seperti pada dewasa, teknik regional anestesi pada pediatrik kini makin popular digunakan oleh ahli anestesikarena keuntungannya. Namun demikian selalu ada risiko dan kemungkinan timbulnya komplikasi dari setiap tindakan yang dilakukan, termasuk tindakan anestesi regional pada pediatrik. Insidensi komplikasi anestesi regional pada pediatrik tidak banyak, dan kalaupun terjadi komplikasi adalah minor. Komplikasi bisa diakibatkan dari identifikasi ruang saraf, alat, obat, teknis tindakan anestesi regionalnya dan komplikasi lainnya.Walaupun tidak banyak kejadian komplikasi regional anestesi yang dilaporkan pada pediatrik, dan bukanlah komplikasi yang fatal, teknik regional anestesi pada pediatrik harus dilakukan dengan lebih hatihati, pertimbangan risiko dan keuntungannya untuk menghindari terjadinya komplikasi, terlebih karena kebanyakan komplikasi dapat dihindari dengan mempelajari teknik yang benar, menggunakan peralatan yang sesuai, dan sangat menerapkan prinsip keamanan pada pasien dengan baik.
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Genentech is partnering with the German cancer company Affimed to develop immunotherapies for multiple kinds of solid and blood cancers. Affimed is developing therapies that engage natural killer cells of the innate immune system to help direct them to attack cancer cells. Genentech will pay Affimed $96 million up front and up to $5 billion more in potential payments.
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Although the role of radiotherapy in breast cancer is controversial, there are clearly defined indications for its use. The probability of local relapse can be determined by careful evaluation of the histological features of the primary tumour, the absolute number of involved axillary nodes and the type and extent of the surgery performed. Using these data, patients can be divided into a relatively low risk group who probably do not require radiotherapy and a group at significant risk of relapse who, even with adjuvant systemic therapy, are likely to benefit from postoperative radiotherapy. Despite the often‐repeated view to the contrary, radiotherapy is more effective in the locoregional control of breast cancer if given postoperatively than if withheld until tumour relapse occurs. Radiotherapy at the time of relapse provides long‐term control in only 40–55% of patients. This results in significant morbidity from uncontrolled local disease in the one‐third of patients who survive 5 years and the one‐quarter of patients who survive 10 years from the time of local relapse. This paper outlines the rationale and indications for the use of radiotherapy in improving locoregional control in breast cancer.
Adjuvant radiotherapy
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Below-mentioned several problems of radiotherapy for uterine cervical cancer patients are discussed from the standpoint of the gynecologist. The percentage of patients selected for radiotherapy in recent Japanese statistics. The comparison of treatment results of stage I, II patients between operative therapy and radiotherapy. The prognosis of the patients whose cancer lesions could not be resected by the operation. The indications for the post-operative irradiations. The adjuvant therapy for the radiotherapy. The prognosis and future of the radiotherapy.
Adjuvant radiotherapy
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