Newly isolated native microalgal strains producing polyhydroxybutyrate and energy storage precursors simultaneously: Targeting microalgal biorefinery
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Polyhydroxybutyrate
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Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is one of the most important byproducts of the brewing industry and its composition offers opportunities for developing value-added products. The objective of the research was to investigate the application of the biorefinery approach for production of xylitol, ethanol and polyhydroxybutyrate from BSG. The techno-economic and environmental aspects of two biorefinery scenarios, with and without heat integration, were studied. Results indicated that a standalone production of fuel ethanol from BSG was not feasible, the production of polyhydroxybutyrate was feasible only with heat integration and that the production of xylitol was feasible either with or without heat integration. Results indicated a calculated total production cost of 0.35, 3.63 and 3.36 USD/kg for xylitol, ethanol and polyhydroxybutyrate, respectively. Results suggested that heat integration allowed reducing the energy consumption associated with manufacturing all of the products in the biorefinery by 43%. Results of the environmental assessment indicated that heat integration lowered the potential environmental impact of the BSG processing. Results of the study thus indicated the superiority of a biorefinery for BSG processing that includes heat integration, from both the techno-economic and environmental impact points of view.
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To date, hundreds of millions tons of plastics has been produced worldwide. Their production and disposal are associated with high pollution and carbon release into the atmosphere. A more environmentally friendly alternative is bioplastics, and the most popular is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymer. Large amounts of PHB can be obtained from activated sludge where used cooking oil or other industrial waste can be used as potential substrates. In this work, efficient bioplastic production strategies are studied, and the considered substrate is a mixture of oil and peptone. Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria are used to accumulate PHB, and the cultivation of microorganisms is carried out in batch and continuous-flow bioreactors. Microscopic observations and laboratory essays are performed to confirm presence of PHB and other key parameters. The obtained results allow us to determine the optimal feeding strategy.
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Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, can be used as host to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which are promising bioplastic raw materials. The most important material thereof is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which can replace the commodity polymer polypropylene (PP) in many applications, yielding a bio-based, biodegradable alternative solution. The advantage from using cyanobacteria to make PHB over the standard fermentation processes, with sugar or other organic (waste) materials as feedstock, is that the sustainability is better (compare first-generation biofuels with the feed vs. fuel debate), with CO2 being the only carbon source and sunlight being the sole energy source. In this review article, the state of the art of cyanobacterial PHB production and its outlook is discussed. Thirty-seven percent of dry cell weight of PHB could be obtained in 2018, which is getting close to up to 78% of PHB dry cell weight in heterotrophic microorganisms in fermentation reactors. A good potential for cyanobacterial PHB is seen throughout the literature.
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Plastic materials have been used in various ways such as packaging material, glass wares, certain parts of instruments of various grades, many more. As plastic products are not easily decomposed and accumulate in environment. This has created an adverse effect on our ecosystem. Bioplastics are best alternative to overcome these issues and reduce damages in ecosystem. Bioplastics are easily and speedily degrade under natural environmental conditions. Polyhydroxybutyrate or PHB is a bioplastic, one of the best natural polymer and alternative of synthetic plastic material. Bioplastic are comparative more flexible to convert into various forms also. Normally, it is a lipid reserve material produce in adverse or under stress conditions and stored within the cell wall of micro-organisms. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural biopolymer produce by wide range of microbes which is a storage granule used by microbes as an energy as well as carbon source.this microbes includes from extremophiles to mesophiles. The objective of our work was to isolate potential PHB producing bacteria using agro-residues as carbon sources within natural environment conditions. This work describes the understanding of microbes that are involved in the degradation of both natural and synthetic polymers.Also to contribute in green environment by providing eco- friendly product.
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พลาสตกเปนวสดทมการนำมาใชอยางกวางขวาง ซงสวนใหญไมสามารถยอยสลายได ทำใหเกดการสะสมและกอปญหาสงแวดลอม จงมการนำพลาสตกบางชนดกลบมาใชใหม ( recycle ) เพอชวยแกปญหาขยะพลาสตก แตไมประสบความสำเรจเทาทควร ทำใหมการวจยและพฒนาพลาสตกทมความสามารถในการยอยสลายทางชวภาพ ( Biodegradable plastic ) หรอพลาสตกชวภาพขนมา ซงกระบวนการยอยสลายเกดขนโดยอาศยการทำงานของ จลนทรยทมอยในธรรมชาต เชน รา แบคทเรย เปนตน พลาสตกชวภาพทเปนทนยมและรจกกนอยางแพรหลายในปจจบน ไดแก พอลไฮดรอกซอลคาโนเอต ( Polyhydroxyalkanoate, PHA ) พอลไฮดรอกซบวทเรต ( Polyhydroxybutyrate, PHB) และ พอลแลกตกแอซด ( Polylactic acid, PLA ) ซงการผลตพลาสตกชวภาพขนมานนเพอเปนการตอบสนองความตองการในการใชพลาสตกทเพมสงขน รวมไปถงการลดผลกระทบทจะเกดขนกบสงแวดลอมในระยะยาว Plastics are widely used materials as they have many good properties such as lightweight, inexpensive and durable which can be mould into various products. However, most plastics are non-degradable which can be accumulated and generated environment problems. Recycling is promoted to solve plastic waste problem with limited success. This led to research and development on biodegradable plastic using agricultural raw materials. The degradation process occurs by the microorganism such as fungi, bacteria. Bioplastics are popular and widely recognized in current such as polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB ) and polylactic acid ( PLA ) . Production of these bioplastics in response to an increased plastic demand will help reduce the environmental impact in the long run.
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