COVID-19 Case Investigations Among Federally Quarantined Evacuees From Wuhan, China, and Exposed Personnel at a US Military Base, United States, February 5-21, 2020
Meagan ChueyRebekah J. StewartMaroya WaltersEmily J. CurrenSusan L. HillsKathleen MoserJ. Erin StaplesChristopher R. BradenEric McDonaldChris AbeCory ArrouzetBrett AustinKristina L. BajemaMary Catherine P. BertulfoElizabeth BeshearseAdam BjorkDenise BorntragerEileen T. BossoZachary BradenLauren BrewerClive BrownJordan C. BurtonStefanie CampbellMartín S. CetronCrystal ClementsBarbara M. CooperChristopher de la Motte HurstChristine DubrayMarshall HarrisA HENDRICKSONJesica R. JacobsWilliam JohnsonMelissa KadzikAnnie S. KaoBradley KingAnna Liza ManlutacPerrine MarcenacRobert H. McDonaldNicki PesikChristopher PrestelSujan ReddyDale A. RoseLisa D. RotzPaul W. SmithAmber StolpFrancesca J. TorrianiJames WattKathryn E. WilsonJohn Wogec
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Abstract:
In February 2020, during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, 232 evacuees from Wuhan, China, were placed under federal 14-day quarantine upon arrival at a US military base in San Diego, California. We describe the monitoring of evacuees and responders for symptoms of COVID-19, case and contact investigations, infection control procedures, and lessons learned to inform future quarantine protocols for evacuated people from a hot spot resulting from a novel pathogen. Thirteen (5.6%) evacuees had COVID-19-compatible symptoms and 2 (0.9%) had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2. Two case investigations identified 43 contacts; 3 (7.0%) contacts had symptoms but tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Daily symptom and temperature screening of evacuees and enacted infection control procedures resulted in rapid case identification and isolation and no detected secondary transmission among evacuees or responders. Lessons learned highlight the challenges associated with public health response to a novel pathogen and the evolution of mitigation strategies as knowledge of the pathogen evolves.Keywords:
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OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of disinfection and isolation measures on hospital-acquired infection and control and prevention for SARS. METHODS Based on the problems of hospital-acquired infection control and prevention for SARS in Henan Province, the prevention measures including intensive training, standardized precautions, and management were strengthened in all hospitals in Henan. RESULTS There were no any infection for health care workers and no spreading of SARS cases in Henan, no exporting cases from Henan, and no any death cases. CONCLUSIONS The hospital-acquired infection of SARS can be prevented and controlled by means of the effective measures such as disinfection and isolation.
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The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a recent pandemic which has spread to over 200 countries of the world since its outbreak. As of 21st April, 2020, more than 2.3 million confirmed cases have been reported. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued a strategic preparedness response plan for countries at risk. This is based on the knowledge of previous epidemics and experience shared by Chinese health authorities. There is special emphasis on strict 'quarantine and isolation' of suspected/diagnosed cases. Pakistan is a developing country with a weak healthcare system. Pakistan Armed Forces have always provided services to the countrymen during natural and man-made disasters. During this pandemic the largest rehabilitation institute in the country was converted into a 130-bed dedicated isolation and quarantine facility for the COVID-19 patients. We will share our experience of establishing and managing this quarantine and isolation facility and highlight the achievements and out-of-the-box solutions applicable for low resource countries like Pakistan.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss infections in New Zealand hospitals under two headings: 1. Isolation needs. 2. Control of infection as it pertains to prophylaxis. An assessment of modern needs in terms of numbers of isolation beds is made on the basis of present-day infections. Brief reference is made to the epidemiology of hospital infections and to the principles of isolation according to categories of infection -- the Card System -- and to specification of the facilities required. The importance of a Control of Infection Nurse is emphasised and suggested members of a Control of Infection committee are enumerated. The proposed methods for preventing and dealing with infections apply particularly to base hospitals. It is hoped however that the principles enunciated are sufficiently obvious that they can be readily adapted to smaller community hospitals. It is concluded that all New Zealand hospitals should have a formal control of infections system instituted.
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The global health emergency posed by the COVID-19 outbreak has affected millions of people. In the Philippines, among the establishments closed were schools which resulted in children and adolescents staying at home for more than two years under quarantine. Many studies were conducted focusing on the impact of isolation due to quarantine on people's physical
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This study reports on a timely topic as recent studies have demonstrated that low trust in the CDC has implications for health beliefs and behaviors related to COVID-19.Many of the CDC's recent changes have been criticized by prominent scientists, policy experts, and health care professionals.Less is known, however, about how Americans perceived changing guidance on how long individuals must isolate and quarantine following COVID-19 infection or exposure.To answer this research question,
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This report provides an overview of federal and state public health laws as they relate to the quarantine and isolation of individuals and a discussion of constitutional issues that may be raised should individual liberties be restricted in a quarantine or isolation situation.
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To separate and isolate the ill have been important goals in medicine, in cultural practices, and in the resulting architectural forms when faced with the urgent problem of infection in society. In history, the isolation settings that have been designed and built were almost universally well distanced from the daily life of the community. The lazaretto, the pesthouse, the monastery infirmary, and the fever hospital are early examples of architects answering the call of science (of the time) and society to provide that all-important separation and isolation. Buildings that were specifically designed to isolate and treat difficult diseases include the Paimio Hospital by Alvaar Alto in 1932 and the Saranac Cure Cottages, such as the 1915 Trudeau Sanatorium that addressed tuberculosis, the massive general hospitals of Europe in the late 19th and early 20th century, and the so-called plague hospitals in North America that resulted from an imperfect understanding of the worldwide influenza pandemic of 1918. As knowledge grew, and especially as the germ theory of disease displaced the miasma theory of disease, designers collaborated with the medical world to create life-sustaining health care environments that call on different approaches to prevent the spread of infectious disease.
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To limit SARS-CoV-2 spread, quarantine and isolation are obligatory in several situations in Norway. We found low self-reported adherence to requested measures among 1,704 individuals (42%; 95% confidence interval: 37–48). Adherence was lower in May–June–July (33–38%) compared with April (66%), and higher among those experiencing COVID-19-compatible symptoms (71%) compared with those without (28%). These findings suggest that consideration is required of strategies to improve people’s adherence to quarantine and isolation.
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