The Karavansalija Mineralized Center at the Rogozna Mountains in SW Serbia: Magma Evolution and Time Relationship of Intrusive Events and Skarn Au ± Cu–Pb–Zn Mineralization
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The Karavansalija Mineralized Center (KMC) with its Au–Cu skarn mineralization associated with the Rogozna Mountains magmatic suite in southwestern Serbia belongs to the Oligocene Serbo-Macedonian magmatic and metallogenic belt (SMM-MB). Samples from intrusive and volcanic rocks at the KMC show typical arc signatures of subduction-derived magmas through enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) and depletion of high–field strength elements (HFSE). The magmas developed a high-K (calc-alkaline) fractionation trend and evolved toward shoshonitic compositions. Whole-rock trace element data suggest plagioclase-absent, high-pressure amphibole ± garnet fractionation that generates adakite-like hydrous magmas during evolution in lower crustal magma chambers. Zircon LA–ICP–MS and high-precision CA–ID–TIMS dating together with zircon trace elements and Hf isotope measurements were carried out in order to couple the geochronologic and geochemical evolution of the KMC. The results suggest that magmatism starts around 29.34 Ma with granitic to rhyodacitic subvolcanic intrusions followed by a more evolved magmatic intrusion that was emplaced into Cretaceous limestone, generating a widespread skarn alteration at ca. 28.96 Ma. After a period of quiescence of about 1.2 My, either another magma body evolved or the same upper crustal magma chamber was recharged and also likely partly reactivated older plutonic rocks as indicated by xenocrysts. The REE ratios shift from apatite, titanite ± amphibole-dominated fractionation of the older magmatic event to crystallization of allanite, efficiently depleting the LREE and Th/U in the younger upper crustal magma. After a lamproite-like melt was injected, the increased heat and fluid pressure led to the expulsion of a quartz-monzonite porphyritic stock at ca. 27.72 Ma, strongly interacting with the skarns and established a fertile hydrothermal system. Soon after a non-mineralized second pulse of some porphyry dykes cut the previous phenocryst-rich “crowded” porphyries and skarns at ca. 27.60 Ma, thus bracketing the maximum timespan of ore mineralization to about 112 ± 45 Ka. Increased contribution of a lamproite-like melt is inferred from the presence of phlogopite micro-phenocrysts, phlogopitization of biotite, and diopside clusters in the latest porphyry dykes. There is a trend of increased crustal assimilation from the oldest volcanic phase to the emplacement of the youngest porphyry dykes recorded by ɛ-Hf of the zircons. Oligocene occurrences of significant base metal mineralization within Serbia, northern Macedonia, and Greece, e.g., Crnac, Rudnik, Veliki Majdan, Stratoniu, or the Cu–Au porphyry at Buchim (northern Macedonia), are all associated with trachy-andesitic (quartz latitic) porphyry dykes, which originated through post-collisional tectonic settings or upper plate extension involving reworking of crustal arc-derived rocks and partial melting of the mantle wedge. This study demonstrates that on the basis of field relationships and the application of high-precision CA-ID-TIMS zircon age data, pulses of porphyry dykes of a 10ka age range can be distinguished, and the timing of mineralization can be parenthized.Keywords:
Lile
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Lithophile
Amphibole
Silicic
Magma chamber
Igneous differentiation
The Permian magmatic rocks of Bogeda orogenic belt are characterized with REE distribution model for LREE enrichment,Eu weak abnormal or no-abnormal.The ion lithophile elements(LILE),such as Ba,K and Rb are intensively enrich,and Th,Sr, Ce and P are appropriately enrich.High field strength elements(HFSE),such as Ta,Nb and Ti show negative abnormity of TNT obviously,and Zr and Hf are moderate losses.These features indicated the magmatic rocks had the geochemistry property related to the subduction zone environment.However,the overall characteristics of trace elements and the characteristics of key elements of the magmatic rocks show that the magma was influenced by the process of mixture of continental crust during rising.The magma source was relatively shallow crust or environment of continent tension or initial crack valley mixed with continental crust.It indicated that the Bogeda orogenic belt experienced postorogenic regional extension without adjustment process.
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Orogeny
Continental Margin
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The abundances of 60 elements in 616 Ocean Floor Basaltic (OFB) glasses from the Abyssal Volcanic Glass Data File (AVGDF) of the Smithsonian Institution have been determined by laser‐ablation (LA)‐ICP‐MS and electron microprobe analysis (EMPA). The elements analyzed include all 28 of the refractory lithophile elements, which provide the framework for establishing the geochemical behavior and source abundances of volatile, chalcophile and siderophile elements. In addition to the traditionally analyzed elements (rare earth elements (REE), high field strength elements (HFSE), large ion lithophile elements (LILE) and first row transition elements (FRTE)), we report analyses for lesser‐analyzed elements (Li, Be, Ga, Ge, As, Se, Mo, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, W, Tl and Bi). The precision of the method for most elements is between 2 and 4%, one standard deviation, although ratios of elements determined simultaneously are more precise (e.g., REE, Zr/Hf). Subsets of 329 glasses were analyzed by electron microprobe for S and 154 glasses for Cl. The results define a representative trace element geochemistry of OFB, against which local variations resulting from differences in basalt petrogenesis in a range of tectonic settings or different styles of magmatic differentiation may be compared.
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Lithophile
EMPA
Petrogenesis
Primitive mantle
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The tectonic and geochemical characteristics suggest that the plagiogranitesexposed in the vicinity of Bingdaban on the northern margin of the central Tianshanuplift zone show a distinct mantle-source character, and their enrichment in LREE andselected enrichment in LILE (large ion lithophile elements) reflect a setting related to anarc tectonic regime. These rocks represent the products formed at shallow levels frommantle-derived magmas modified with subduction components (or super crustal rocks).
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The mother rock of Qiushuwan Cu-Mo deposit is granite characteristic of high silica,alumina,alkali,potassium-rich,low magnesium,poor calcium,low total REE,not obvious Eu anomaly,rich in LILE,poor in Nb and Ti.These features are similar to the high Ba-Sr granites occurred in North Scotland.It is showed that the alkaline,Aluminum and ΣREE in the Yanlailing granite is higher than that in the Qiushuwan granite,with more obvious δEu abnormalities and slightly low enrichment of large ion lithophile elements.These geochemical features are similar to the low Ba-Sr granites.The occurrence of Qiushuwan high Ba-Sr granite suggests that magmas mixture between crust and mantle materials occurred in Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous and the East Qinling was under a tectonic environment of local extension of post collision in that period of time.
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Located in Zhiduo County,eastern Qiangtang,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and formed in the Late Permian,the Zuozhi-Shiduomobu gabbros belt is consisted simply of gabbros.The gabbros are rich in alkaline with Na2O high than K2O,being the rocks of calc-alkaline series.Their trace elements are characterized by enrichment of large-ion-lithophile elements(LILE) and fractionation of high-field-strength elements(HFSE),displaying typical characteristics of within-plate basalts. Light rare earth elements are significantly enriched with δEu values varying from slightly negative to positive.(87Sr/86Sr)i ratios are relatively low,ranging from 0.70419 to 0.70471;eNd(t) values are relatively high,ranging from 4.3 to 4.9,showing that the gabbros are derived from a slightly depleted mantle source.It is believed that the gabbros from the ZuozhiShiduomobu area are formed in a within-plate extensive tectonic environment.
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Abstract The Permian magmatic province of the Oslo rift, south-east Norway, includes large volumes of felsic and silicic rocks. Based on their geochemical character, these rocks may be divided into two main groups. The Larvik larvikites (monzonites) are highly enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILE) (e.g. 10–32 ppm Th. 8–15 ppm Ta), and have an initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of 0.70391 ± 5. The syenites and granites have moderate to high concentrations of LILE (e.g. 7–88 ppm Th, 4–25 ppm Ta), and initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios between 0.705 and 0.707. The Larvik larvikites and extrusive equivalents (rhomb porphyry lavas) have similar initial Sr isotope ratios to uncontaminated basalts and gabbros in the rift, and are believed to have a mantle origin. The higher initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr ratios in the silicic than in the felsic rocks reflect a crustal component representing the intermediate or low crust. After intrusion into the upper crust, the major and traceelement concentrations of the silicic magmas were modified through fractional crystallization dominated by removal of alkali feldspar, and transport of elements with a fluid phase. The silicic magmas appear not to have interacted significantly with the side rock at this stage.
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Silicic
Felsic
Fractional crystallization (geology)
Lithophile
Alkali basalt
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Basaltic rocks of the Late Jurassic Tamulangou Formation in the northern Da Hinggan Mountains are characterized by rich alkalis (K2O+Na2O5.45%),high K2O (2.15%- 3.75%),high ratios of K2O /Na2O (0.48- 1.12),Th /Ta,Ce/Nb and Ta/Nb and strong enrichment in large- ion lithophile elements (LILE)and light rare earth elements (LREE),belonging to the shoshonitic series. Analysis of the available data indicates that these shoshonitic rocks formed in a continental intraplate set- ting. Geochemical characteristics suggest that the primary magma of these shoshonitic rocks underwent strong crystallization dif- ferentiation and was contaminated with pre- Mesozoic basement materials.
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Tarim basin
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Passive margin
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فعالیت آتشفشانی در محدوده خاور و شمال خاور نهبندان (خاور ایران) شامل طیف گوناگونی عمدتا از ترکیبات بازی تا میانه است. همه این سنگها ترکیب سدیک دارند (Na2O/K2O>1) و در سریهای تولئیتی با پتاسیم پایین و کالکآلکالن قرار میگیرند. مطالعه سنگنگاری، شیمی کانیها و ژئوشیمی سنگ کل نشاندهنده تمایز بازالتها به دو گروه کالکآلکالن و تولئیتهای با پتاسیم پایین مرتبط با کمانهای ماگمایی است. سنگهای آتشفشانی حدواسط نیز بهطور مشابه در دو سری ماگمایی یادشده قرار میگیرند. نمودار تغییرات برخی عناصر اصلی و فرعی روی SiO2 بههمراه الگوهای بهنجارشده نسبت به کندریت عناصر خاکی کمیاب نشان از ارتباط زایشی سنگهای حدواسط سری تولئیتی با پتاسیم پایین به سنگهای بازی این سری دارد در حالی که تحول ماگمایی ترکیبات حدواسط کالکآلکالن از بازالتهای کالکآلکالن را رد میکند. در نمودارهای چندعنصری بهنجارشده نسبت به MORB (Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt)، تهیشدگی HFSE (High Field Strength Elements) و غنیشدگی LILE (Large-Ion Lithophile Elements) در همه سنگهای بازی حدواسط تعیینکننده جایگاه زمینساختی-ماگمایی مرتبط با پهنههای فرورانشی در زمیندرز سیستان است. تغییر از تولئیتهای با پتاسیم پایین به بازالتهای کالکآلکالن گواه تحول به سوی یک سامانه کمانی بالغ است که این تغییرات همراه با ادامه فرورانش سنگکره اقیانوسی حوضه سیستان در ترشیر انجام شده است.
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