UNsupported: The Needs and Rights of Children Fathered by UN Peacekeepers in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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Abstract Sexual exploitation and abuse (SEA) by United Nations (UN) peacekeepers causes severe physical and psychological consequences. Where SEA leads to pregnancy and childbirth, peacekeepers typically absolve themselves of their paternal responsibilities and paternity suits are largely unsuccessful. The lack of support for peacekeeper-fathered children (PKFC) tarnishes the image of the UN who fails to implement a victim-centred approach to SEA. Analysing shortcomings in the provision of support, this article presents an evaluation of the UN’s accountability system from the perspective of PKFC families. In-depth interviews with thirty-five PKFC and sixty mothers demonstrate local barriers to child support and paternity claims in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. We discuss PKFC’s need for assistance and their mothers’ attempts to navigate an opaque international legal system. The findings cast light on their limited access to UN subsidies and offer recommendations to better implement existing UN goals of justice and victim-oriented policies.Keywords:
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Though the record of North Korea on human rights has appalling, it has long been hidden from sight due to the country's extreme isolation. Since mid-90s, however, the economic crisis and the nuclear crisis have led to much greater awareness of the human rights violations taking place in the DPRK.
International pressure is one of the distinctive factors in promoting human rights. The UN human rights bodies, NGOs, and diplomacy are major institutional instruments in the international human rights advocacy. Multilateral and multi-dimensional international pressure to cope with North Korean human rights has been increasing. The UN human rights commission has, for the first time ever, passed a resolution on North Korea. The international dimension of human rights politics on North Korea will show us possibility and promise of the international human rights regime. And it may also cast doubts on efficacy of the international intervention to motivate internal reform as well. The North Korean case will show us how the international community can contribute to the promotion of human rights. However increasing international censure itself does not mean automatic acceptance by the DPRK. North Korea has always rebuked international criticism. To insure its effectiveness, we need to use more than one method.
The international community is now paying more attention to the violation of human rights in North Korea to protect innocent lives dying quietly in the darkness. It calls for more systematic and cooperative measures to make international pressure working on North Korean regime effectively. The crucial factor is to press and induce the North Korean regime to a compromise path. We need a comprehensive and multi-dimensional approach by various actors to deal with the North Korean regime consistently. The comprehensive approach in this context means that both hard and soft strategies can be applied at the same time.
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Nigeria, during her long period of military dictatorship, earned an appalling human rights record accompanied by various degrees of sanctions by the international community. Underlying these odious developments were the various instances of violations and gross disrespect for international human rights law by the successive governments of the day. Thus, as part of the efforts at redeeming the country’s global human rights image, pro-democracy forces pushed for the return of the country to the democratic system, a desire that eventually materialized in May 1999. This paper, therefore, examined Nigeria’s commitment to international human rights instruments towards the actualization of the International Community’s goal of Universal Human Rights. Relying on data collected through the secondary sources and the qualitative-descriptive method of data analysis, the study found, that Nigeria had exhibited an appreciable commitment to the actualization of the International Community’s goal of Universal Human Rights having ratified several important international treaties and conventions for the protection of human rights both at the global and regional levels. However, certain major challenges still hamper the country’s full commitment to these instruments, and adequate protection of the fundamental rights and liberties of her citizens. To enable Nigeria to overcome the challenges, the study suggests, among other measures, the revocation of section 12 of the 1999 Nigerian Constitution to enable seamless domestication and implementation of all existing human rights treaties Nigeria has acceded to, and those it may accede to in future times.
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Peacekeeping is among the most visible roles of the United Nations. But how much do people trust in UN peacekeeping operations? ‘Peacekeeping to peacebuilding’ shows how the UN has struggled to live up to the expectations of its founders in this area. Between 1948 and 1988 the UNSC authorized only thirteen peacekeeping missions. In those years, a number of interstate and an increasing number of intrastate (or civil) wars took place. Cold War pressures explain, to some extent, this imperfect record. Today's more numerous peacekeeping activities are far more complex in nature than they used to be: keeping peace is more than just making and building peace.
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This writing discusses the issue of human rights violation towards Rohingnya ethnic group in Myanmar, as well as the efforts made by international community to fight for Rohingnya’s right to be free from Human Rights violation. This writing is decsriptive and analitical by using qualitative method, the data collecting technic is “library research” where the data used to support the argument are obtained by collecting them from various sources such as books or literature, journal, newspaper, magazine, as well as data taken from the internet. The result of the discussion from this writing indicates the existence of the fact that human rights violation towards Rohingnya ethnic group occured in Myanmar as referred to International Human Rights Norm in United Nations Instrument (A universal declaration on Human Rights in 1948). In addition to that, international community is not yet able to persuade Myanmar Government to stop the human rights violation that occurs. International community with modern international network (Transnational Advocacy Networks) should be able to persuade Myanmar to respect human rights especially in the case of Rohingnya ethnic group so that this case ends. Keyword s : International Human Rights Norm, Rohingnya Ethnic Group, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Transnational Advocacy Networks.
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Abstract This chapter examines the UN’s peacekeeping operations. A peacekeeping operation may be defined as a UN-authorized, UN-led force made up of civilian and/or military personnel donated by states or seconded by the Secretariat, physically present in a country or countries with a view to facilitating the maintenance of peace, generally after a conflict has ceased. Many consider that for an operation to be peacekeeping, it must take place with the consent of the host state. However, this may or may not be a legal requirement, depending on the constitutional basis of the operation. The chapter discusses the fundamental characteristics of peacekeeping; categories of peacekeeping; legal basis for peacekeeping; peacekeeping and consent; peacekeeping and the use of force; peacekeeping and impartiality; functions of peacekeeping operations; UN Transitional Administrations; and the future of UN peacekeeping.
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Peacekeeping and development assistance are two of the United Nations' (UN) defining activities. While there have been extensive studies of UN engagement in each of these areas, respectively, less attention has been given to the relationship between peacekeeping and development. We examine that relationship in this article. We do so by first considering whether concepts and principles that underpin peacekeeping and development cohere. We then combine original quantitative data with qualitative analyses in order to document the degree to which development goals and activities have been incorporated into UN peacekeeping operations since their inception over 70 years ago. While we observe a steady increase in the level of engagement of peacekeeping with development over time, we argue that short-term security goals have been prioritized over longer-term development objectives in a number of recent UN peacekeeping operations, as peacekeepers have been deployed to contexts of ongoing conflict.
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Part I. A Decalogue for Five Billion Persons: 1. The Emergence of Human Rights onto the World Stage. 2. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 40 Years On. 3. Are Human Rights Truly Universal? Part II. The Great Outrages Againt Humanity: 4. How Does the International Community React to Genocide? 5. The Savage States - Torture in the 1980's. 6. Descent into Hell - Notes on Apartheid. 7. The Forced Disappearance in Argentina - Barbarism and After. 8. A Contribution by the West to the Struggle Against Hunger. Part III. Human Rights Today: 9. The Present Value of Human Rights. 10. The Impact of Human Rights on the International Community. 11. What Should We Do? Appendices: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948). The Main International Organizations Active in the Field of Human Rights - A Practical Guide.
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Special Operation Forces had started to participate in the United Nations peacekeeping operations not long ago, but the consensus on acceptability of their use in peacekeeping operations has already been reached. Present article analyzes views on SOF use in peacekeeping, as expressed by the specialist and enshrined in guidance documents of different countries, explores normative regulation formalized in mandates of respective peacekeeping operations and contemplates typical SOF tasks in peacekeeping operations as defined by the UN in “United Nations Peacekeeping Missions Military Special Forces Manual”.
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With the convergence of preferences for democracy and free markets in so many nations, the UN has a momentous opportunity to provide the infrastructure needed to attain international peace. Given that peace is a public good, its provision by the international community currently suffers from the problems associated with these commodities, in particular that of ``collective action." Namely, peacekeeping will entail ``free-riding," by member states of the international system. This leads to the underprovision of peacekeeping/peace-enforcing efforts. This article presents a market- based proposal to remedy this problem. The proposed changes to peacekeeping operations aim to discourage wealthier nations from vetoing missions of genuine humanitarian concern for fear of casualties to their troops. Second, it also more justly compensates low-income nations participating in operations. Thirdly, it corrects for the current tendency to use more weapons and less personnel, and finally and most importantly, it would reflect the preferences of the international community for different peacekeeping operations in a transparent manner.
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The nationally-recognized Susquehanna
Chorale will delight audiences of all
ages with a diverse mix of classic and
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performances have been described
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music making, successful in their
aim to make the audience feel,
to be moved, to be part of the
performance - and all this while
working at an extremely high
musical level.AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA¢AÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂAÂA Experience choral
singing that will take you to new
heights!
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