Miniature Autonomous Blimps for Indoor Applications
Tony X. LinMichelle RossouwAlexander B. MaxseinerTristan SchulerMatthew GarrattSridhar RaviFumin ZhangDaniel M. LofaroDonald Sofge
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Abstract:
Miniature autonomous blimps are autonomous lighter-than-air vehicles that offer a variety of benefits over other existing flight platforms. In particular, blimps offer long flight times, soft envelopes that are resilient to collisions, and friendly human-robot interaction opportunities. As such, these platforms are well suited for indoor applications and human-cluttered environments as catastrophic or life-threatening collisions are far less likely. In this abstract, we detail some of our ongoing efforts to enable autonomous behaviors for lighter-than-air platforms through various sensing, actuation, and swarming efforts.Keywords:
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Abstract Swarming of 16 species (three genera) of Lonchaeidae is reported for the first time, and is related to the occurrence, nature, and evolutionary significance of insect swarming in general. The theory that aerial swarming is basic to the two-winged condition in Diptera is proposed. Evidence is presented to show that various swarming habits and associated morphological adaptations are primitive features of not only the Lonchaeidae, but of all Diptera. Four new species of Lonchaea from Ontario are described.
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s.Swarming behaviour of Heterotermes indicola (Wasmann) was observed during the swarming season of 2003 and 2004 in the Punjab University, New Campus, Lahore, Pakistan. Swarming took place on 15 out of 92 nights for which observations were made. Swarming started after 3 rainfall of the season, which created suitable combination of relative humidity and temperature required for swarming. Peak emergence of alates was observed after heavy rainfall (16mm) of short duration at 25.7°C to 36°C with 100% humidity. Frequency of swarming was maximum between 8:00 to 8:30 P.M. Overall sex ratio of H. indicola indicates that males dominate over females 5:1 (Male: Female).
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Swarming is basical behavior in insects,tends to promote outcrossing,and has great value on its mating and reproduction.The swarming groups,swarming markers,and influence of environmental factors on swarming in Diptera are summarized.And swarming behavior for Empididae is specially discussed.
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Observations on the swarming of mosquitoes were conducted in the flood plain forest of South Yamal (67 degrees N.L.). The individuals of A. communis made 83 to 94% of the swarming males. Their number in swarms varied from 30 to 800 specimens. The dynamics of the swarming males number depends on the rate of their emergence from the pupae. At the mass emergence the number of swarming males was 3 times higher though the increase in the general size of the population was negligible. Synchronization of the swarming time of males was also favoured by warm windless weather.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is among the many bacteria that swarm, where groups of cells coordinate to move over surfaces. It has been challenging to determine the behavior of single cells within these high-cell-density swarms. To track individual cells within P. aeruginosa swarms, we imaged a fluorescently labeled subset of the larger population. Single cells at the advancing swarm edge varied in their motility dynamics as a function of time. From these data, we delineated four phases of early swarming prior to the formation of the tendril fractals characteristic of P. aeruginosa swarming by collectively considering both micro- and macroscale data. We determined that the period of greatest single-cell motility does not coincide with the period of greatest collective swarm expansion. We also noted that flagellar, rhamnolipid, and type IV pilus motility mutants exhibit substantially less single-cell motility than the wild type.IMPORTANCE Numerous bacteria exhibit coordinated swarming motion over surfaces. It is often challenging to assess the behavior of single cells within swarming communities due to the limitations of identifying, tracking, and analyzing the traits of swarming cells over time. Here, we show that the behavior of Pseudomonas aeruginosa swarming cells can vary substantially in the earliest phases of swarming. This is important to establish that dynamic behaviors should not be assumed to be constant over long periods when predicting and simulating the actions of swarming bacteria.
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This paper reviewed Swarming fever of honeybee colony and analyzed the formation of Swarming fever from three aspects, circumstances effect, honeybee genetic characters and behaviors. Furtherly, the management of Swarming fever of honeybee colony are summarized and the control methods are prospected.
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SummaryObservations on the swarming of the atroparvus variety of A. maculipennis are given, together with a description of the process of mating.Atroparvus swarms after sundown, beginning activity when light measures about 40 foot-candles, although temperature and probably humidity are also factors influencing time of swarming. The swarming occurs either inside buildings, in semienclosed pens, or in the open air.Most, but not all, females are fecundated while resting under shelter, without preliminary swarming of the male. Only a relatively few females enter the swarm.Hence it is suggested that swarming has largely lost its functional character, although the ritual is still preserved.
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Results of the most recent research on swarming have not previously been generally available, and Dr. Simpson's concise summary of them is most welcome. The author's own researches have dealt with some aspects of swarming that are of the greatest concern to beekeepers.The swarming of bees is no longer as great a mystery as it was, although any one step in unravelling the intricate sequence of swarm preparation, emergence, resettling and “hiving” may lead to further puzzles. One of the most interesting new developments is the accumulation of evidence that sounds produced by bees, and presumably received by other bees, can play a decisive role in the swarming process.
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