Abstract:
This article covers the most commercially important type of photochromic dye. It outlines which of its subclasses are of most use and how they are manufactured. The history of the industrial exploitation of this kind of colorant is briefly given before illustrating its versatility with examples of the most useful ways in which photochromic properties can be manipulated by making adjustments to molecular structure.Abstract A thermally irreversible photochromic fulgide was resolved into enantiomers. A fulgide derivative that has the binaphthol moiety showed diastereoselective photochromic reactions. The change of chiraI properties of these molecules by photochromic reactions were examined.
Moiety
Derivative (finance)
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Photochromic researches on spiropyrans, spirooxazines, naphthopyrans, chalcones, diarylethenes, and fulgides published in 2002 have been reviewed. Photochromic compounds are classified into two categories, thermally reversible compounds such as spiropyrans, spirooxazine, naphthopyrans, and chalcones, and thermally irreversible compounds, such as diarylethenes and fulgides. This review describes new derivatives of both types of compounds, their photochromic performance and possible applications. Azobenzene derivatives are not included.
Azobenzene
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Diarylethene
Reactivity
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A new unsymmetrical isomeric photochromic diarylethene, 1-[2-methyl-3-naphthalen-2-[2-methyl-5-(10-phenanthrenyl)-3-thienyperfluorocyclopentene, was designed and synthesized. Its photochromic and fluorescent properties were also investigated in detail. The compound exhibited excellent photochromism, changing from colorless to red after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA film. Furthermore, the fluorescence intensity of the photochromic diarylethene 1a declined remarkably, when irradiation with UV light.
Diarylethene
Optical storage
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Photochromism is defined as a reversible transformation of a chemical species between two isomers upon photoirradiation. Although vast numbers of photochromic molecules have been so far reported, photochromic molecules which exhibit thermally irreversible photochromic reactivity are limited to a few examples. The thermal irreversibility is an indispensable property for the application of photochromic molecules to optical memories and switches. We have developed a new class of photochromic molecules named "diarylethenes", which show the thermally irreversible photochromic reactivity. The well designed diarylethene derivatives provide outstanding photochromic performance: both isomers are thermally stable for more than 470,000 years, photoinduced coloration/decoloration can be repeated more than 105 cycles, the quantum yield of cyclization reaction is close to 1 (100%), and the response times of both coloration and decoloration are less than 10 ps. This review describes theoretical background of the photochromic reactions, color changes of the derivatives in solution as well as in the single crystalline phase, and application of the crystals to light-driven actuators.(Communicated by Kenichi HONDA, M.J.A.)
Diarylethene
Reactivity
Molecular switch
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Encapsulation
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Diarylethene
Spiropyran
Chirality
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Бұл зерттеужұмысындaКaно моделітурaлы жәнеоғaн қaтыстытолықмәліметберілгенжәнеуниверситетстуденттерінебaғыттaлғaн қолдaнбaлы (кейстік)зерттеужүргізілген.АхметЯссaуи университетініңстуденттеріүшін Кaно моделіқолдaнылғaн, олaрдың жоғaры білімберусaпaсынa қоятынмaңыздытaлaптaры, яғнисaпaлық қaжеттіліктері,олaрдың мaңыздылығытурaлы жәнесaпaлық қaжеттіліктерінеқaтыстыөз университетінқaлaй бaғaлaйтындығытурaлы сұрaқтaр қойылғaн. Осы зерттеудіңмaқсaты АхметЯсaуи университетіндетуризмменеджментіжәнеқaржы бaкaлaвриaт бaғдaрлaмaлaрыныңсaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңқaжеттіліктерінaнықтaу, студенттердіңқaнaғaттaну, қaнaғaттaнбaу дәрежелерінбелгілеу,білімберусaпaсын aнықтaу мен жетілдіружолдaрын тaлдaу болыптaбылaды. Осы мaқсaтқaжетуүшін, ең aлдыменКaно сaуaлнaмaсы түзіліп,116 студенткеқолдaнылдыжәнебілімберугежәнеоның сaпaсынa қaтыстыстуденттердіңтaлaптaры мен қaжеттіліктерітоптықжұмыстaрaрқылыaнықтaлды. Екіншіден,бұл aнықтaлғaн тaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктерКaно бaғaлaу кестесіменжіктелді.Осылaйшa, сaпa тaлaптaры төрт сaнaтқa бөлінді:болуытиіс, бір өлшемді,тaртымдыжәнебейтaрaп.Соңындa,қaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaудың мәндеріесептелдіжәнестуденттердіңқaнaғaттaну мен қaнaғaттaнбaу деңгейлерінжоғaрылaту мен төмендетудеосытaлaптaр мен қaжеттіліктердіңрөліaйқын aнықтaлды.Түйінсөздер:сaпa, сaпaлық қaжеттіліктер,білімберусaпaсы, Кaно моделі.
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A novel unsymmetrical photochromic diarylethene, 1-[2-methyl-5-(3,5-difluorophenyl)- 3-thienyl]-2-(2-methyl-5-formyl-3-thienyl) perfluorocyclopentene ( 1 ) has been synthesized. Its photochromic and properties have been investigated in detail. Specifically, photochromism in solution and in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) amorphous films were studied. The results showed that this compound exhibited reversible photochromism, changing from colorless to blue after irradiation with UV light both in solution and in PMMA amorphous film. The photochromic reaction kinetics indicated that the cyclization processes of 1 belong to the zeroth order reaction and the cycloreversion process belong to the first order reaction. In addition, photomode rewritable optical storage using 1b was performed. The images demonstrated that the compound can be used as optical storage material.
Diarylethene
Optical storage
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