LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT METABOLITES IN WHITE MUSCLE FROM COD (GADUS MORHUA) AND HADDOCK (MELANOGRAMMUS AEGLEFINUS) ANALYZED BY HIGH RESOLUTION 1H NMR SPECTROSCOPY
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LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT METABOLITES IN WHITE MUSCLE FROM COD (GADUS MORHUA) AND HADDOCK (MELANOGRAMMUS AEGLEFINUS) ANALYZED BY HIGH RESOLUTION 1H NMR SPECTROSCOPYKeywords:
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Hippoglossus hippoglossus
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ABSTRACT. The effect of a formulated diet rich in lipids on the compositional characteristics and quality of cod ( Gadus morhua ) was investigated. Changes in the proximate composition of fillets and liver tissues of cod ( Gadus morhua ), fed intensively over a 20‐weekk period, was monitored. The content of lipids in the fillets increased from 0.74 to 0.94% and corresponding values for liver were 58.90 and 75.92%, respectively. Over the same period, the hepatosomatic index of fish increased from 4.41 to 12.70%, reflecting the accumulation of lipids in the liver of farmed cod. The content of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the muscle tissues changed from 52.13 to 55.82%. Corresponding change in the liver was from 17.94 to 26.12%. The major increase in the omega‐3 PUFA was due to an increase in the content of docosahexaenoic acid.
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A classical conditioning technique was employed with cod, Gadus morhua L., to determine thresholds for the detection of the L‐forms of some α amino acids which are thought to be attractants or feeding stimulants for fish. The amino acids investigated, in order of effectiveness, were tyrosine, cysteine, phenylalanine, glycine and methionine with mean threshold response levels ranging from 2·5 × 10 ‐8 M to 7·4 × 10 ‐8 M. Histidine and lysine resulted in similar thresholds with a mean value of approximately 3 ± 10 ‐7 M while taurine and leucine were least effective with mean threshold levels of 2·1 × 10 ‐6 M and 2·1 × 10 ‐5 M respectively. Comparison is made with electrophysiological and behavioural response data from other species. The effect of raising the background level of glycine on the threshold to glycine for cod is described. The results are discussed with reference to data on levels of dissolved free amino acids in shallow sea waters which may have a bearing on determining chemosensory threshold levels. To detect a specific amino acid against a background level of the same substance the difference in level for detection is proportionally greater for higher background concentrations.
Gadidae
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Enzymatic Hydrolysis
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Single cod (Gadus morhua) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) eggs were acid hydrolized. All the fatty acids were liberated and converted to methyl ester in a one-step reaction. The nonpolar hexane extract was analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography (HRGC). Selected peaks, occurring in both types of samples and in all chromatograms, were used to create a matrix for multivariate analysis. We conclude that cod and haddock eggs can be distinguished using this method.
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