Investigation of vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) on yield quantity and quality of sorghum cultivars under irrigation in arid area - eScholarship
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Author(s): Moussavinik, Mohsen; Mehraban, Ahmad | Abstract: Vesicular – arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM)are beneficial microorganisms used in various industrial practices, such as mining, agriculture, and environmental rehabilitation. In the current experiments we studied the effects of different mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with sorghum genotypes in the dryland area, Zabol , Iran. The results showed that there is significant differences between cultivar of sorghum and mycorrhiza on plant height, number of seed per spike, biomass, root colonization, plant growth and crop yield. Glomus etunicatum species were best mycorrhiza strain used in this research.Keywords:
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Mycorrhizae Applications in Horticultural Production on Plant growth and Nutrient Uptake Under Field Conditions Ibrahim ORTAS Department of Soil Science, University of Cukurova, Faculty of Agriculture, Adana, Turkey iortas@cu.edu.tr Mycorrhiza application in horticultural production in East Mediterranean region was tested under field conditions for several years. At field conditions, effect of several mycorrhizal species inoculation on seedling survive and plant growth along has been studied. Mycorrhizal dependency of several plants and effect of mycorrhiza on plant growth and root infection also has been studied. The field experiments were set up on Arik soil series (Entic Chromoxerert), located in the Agricultural Faculty Research Farm, University of Cukurova, in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey to determine the effects of several mycorrhizal inoculation on nutrient uptake and yield increases of cucumber, melon, watermelon and pumpkin. Several experiments were performed under filed condition for several years with several plant and mycorrhizae species. Control, Indigenous Mycorrhizae, G. Mosseae, G. Etunicatum, G.Clarum, G.Caledonium and Cocktail mycorrhizae were applied. Mainly seedling quality, seedling survives under filed conditions, and yield response to mycorrhizae was tested. In another experiment with and without P application were used with and without mycorrhizal inoculation. Fruits of plant were collected several times and plant leaves and root samples were taken for nutrient content and mycorrhizal colonization respectively in the blossoming period. After several years under field experiments, mycorrhizal inoculation effectively infected plant root and increased plant yield. So far results revealed that also indigenous mycorrhiza successfully infected plant roots resulting to a better plant growth. The effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth is changed by effectiveness of inoculum and time. For horticultural seedling quality and surviving it is very important. In all experiments first seedlings were produced for several reasons. In general horticultural fruits plants such as melon, watermelon, cucumber and pumpkin are mycorrhizal dependent plants. Usually plant P and Zn concentration were determined. Mycorrhiza inoculated plant have high P and Zn uptake. After several years’ field experiment, it has been concluded that for horticultural fruits plants significantly response to mycorrhizal species.
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Pot and field experiments were conducted to assess varietal differences in growth and yield responses of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) to commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculant (Empathy Mycorrhizal Rootgrow™). Three soybean cultivars (TGx 1448-2E, TGx 1440-1E and TGx 1740-2F) were grown under two levels of AMF inoculation (with and without), replicated three times in both experiments. The study showed that mycorrhizal inoculation significantly increased plant height, stem girth, number of leaves and leaf area of soybean of the three cultivars compared to AMF-free control in both experiments. This resulted in higher yield attributes and yield of soybean. AMF root colonization ranged from 56% - 76% in the cultivars. TGx 1448-2E performed better producing highest yield attributes and yield than TGx 1440-1E or TGx 1740-2F. It could be concluded from this study that the use of the commercial AMF inoculant has the potential to promote soybean growth and yield under favorable conditions.
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ABSTRACT Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi indigenous in the soil of the semi arid northern Negev of Israel greatly enhanced phosphorus (P) uptake of mycorrhizal pepper plants in three out of four soils tested and at four P levels. In a calcareous loess soil, additions of superphosphate equivalent to 3,000 kg ha−1 could not alleviate the absence of the VAM association. Increasing internal leaf P levels were correlated closely with a stimulation of flower bud production in pepper. Subsequent planting of onion in the same soils with no further P addition revealed the total dependency of this species on the VAM symbiosis. Mycorrhizal infection reduced by half the R/S ratios of onion plants, mainly by the enhancement of shoot growth. Results indicate the presence of a highly efficient VAM population in the loess soil. These findings are considered with regard to the evolution of the mycorrhizal association and its effect on plant morphology and physiological processes.
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Azospirillum brasilense
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
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The arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus (AMF) (Glomus mosseae) is a beneficial microorganism used in agriculture as an efficient tool to improve plant growth and nutrition by inducing symbiotic association with crops. The present investigation was conducted to study the contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under normal irrigated conditions and in water stress created by withholding irrigation at jointing and heading stage under net house environment. Wheat seeds of two wheat varieties WH 1025 and WH 1105 were grown in pots after treatment with or without the AMF. Under water stress conditions, the wheat variety WH 1025 performed better in terms of growth and yield attributes as compared to WH 1105. The results obtained showed a significant improvement by AMF on plant height, number of productive tillers, spike length, number of spikelet, grain/spike, grain weight/spike and test weight under both irrigated and drought stress condition. Biomass and grain yields were higher in plants treated with mycorrhiza than non-mycorrhizal plants of both the varieties irrespective of soil moisture. Therefore, the results suggest that mycorrhizal inoculation play a vital role in improving growth and yield in wheat by reducing the effects of drought stress and sustain the wheat crop under the semi-arid environments.
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THE role of a species of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), Glomus clarum, in yield decline of sugarcane was examined in a small plot field experiment in the Tully district of northern Queensland. A source of phosphorus was used to create a range of soil P levels at a site naturally low in P. The whole site was fumigated with methyl bromide before planting to remove all endemic VAM species. A pure culture of Glomus clarum was cultivated in pots in a glasshouse and used to inoculate some of the pre-germinated sugarcane plantlets; others remained VAM-free. These pre-germinated plants were then transplanted to the field site, resulting in both VAM and non-VAM plants growing in a similar range of P-amended soils. Sugarcane was grown at the site to maturity (257 days after planting) and the weight and number of millable cane stalks recorded. Sugarcane was able to achieve maximum yield with lower levels of P in the soil when VAM were present, suggesting VAM does indeed aid P uptake in low P soils. High soil P levels appeared to decrease VAM colonisation of sugarcane roots. Importantly, VAM did not contribute to a depression in growth of sugarcane at high soil P levels.
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Problem statement: It is generally considered that root turnover is a major contributor to organic matter and mineral nutrient cycles in organic managed agroecosystems.Approach: This study designed to investigate whether microbial activity could affect on root properties of Lucerne in an organically managed field under dry weather conditions.The trial was laid out as a factorial experiment in the fields of the University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna-Austria at Raasdorf in 2007.The experimental factors of Rhizobium (Sinorhizobium meliloti) and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (AM) including Glomus etunicatum, G. intraradices and G. claroideum and irrigation levels were tested.Results: Results showed that increasing water deficit affected root dry weigh, specific root mass and root length significantly at 1% level and co-inoculation of rhizobium and mycorrhiza with irrigation increased all root parameters.Data's of variance analysis for mycorrhizal colonization showed that main effect of using mycorrhiza had significant effects on root parameters at 5 and 1% probability level at first and second harvest, respectively.Results of mean comparisons by Duncan's Multiple Range Test showed that mycorrhizal colonization was higher in the inoculated treatments by rhizobium, mycorrhiza and irrigated plots in both harvests.Double interaction of mycorrhiza and irrigation was higher in both harvests (37.05 and 65.73%, respectively).Conclusion: It can be suggested that the tripartite symbiosis of Rhizobium, AM and Lucerne can improve the performance of Lucerne in organic farming and under dry conditions.Such traits could be incorporated into breeding programs to improve drought tolerance especially in organic fields.
Medicago sativa
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Medicago truncatula
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