Effects of Embryonic Immunization with Newcastle Disease Vaccine Combined with <i>Astragalus</i> Polysaccharide on Jejunum Mucosal Immunity in Chickens
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This study was conducted to investigate the effections of in ovo injection with Newcastle disease vaccine combined with Astragalus polysaccharide on the mucosal immunity of jejunum. Four hundred fertilized eggs were randomly divided into four groups (n=100/group), and embryonic immunization with solutions of APS, ND vaccine, ND vaccine combined with APS, and 0.9% physiological saline into their amniotic fluid on d 18.5 of incubation. Significant improvement of the mucosal immunity of jejunum was displayed in those vaccinated with ND vaccine combined with APS, manifested as enhanced villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth. Moreover, chicks immunized with ND vaccine plus APS significantly elevated the levels of slgA in the jejunum during the embryonic period. Overall results indicated embryonic immunization with ND vaccine combined with APS could stimulate stronger humoral immunity in the jejunum of newly hatched chicks.Keywords:
Mucosal Immunity
Jejunum
Newcastle Disease
Prof. IP Voloshin (West. Rhinolaryngo-otiatry. 1925, No. 1), taking into account the well-known works of Bezredk on local immunity, finds that the protective role of the nasal mucosa and upper respiratory tract is reduced to the development of natural local immunity of these organs than the general immunity of the whole organism is acquired from all microorganisms inhabiting the mucous membrane of these pathways.
Mucous membrane
Respiratory tract
Mucosal Immunity
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Mucosal Immunity
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Mucosal immunization is one of the most important immune routines in immunology,especially gut mucosal immunization.In recent years,the effects on mucosal immunization of gut mucosal tissue structure,intestinal microflora and mucosal vaccines have been studied generally.The results showed that it was M cell,dendritic cell and macrophage to uptake and transport antigens in gut mucosal tissues,which was important to initiate the mucosal immunization.Intestinal microflora could promote the secretion of antigens and regulate the production of cytokines.Good mucosal vaccines could efficiently arouse mucosal immunization reaction,which was convenient,fast,safe,effective and persistent.Especially we explained the effects on mucosal immunization of intestinal microflora and the advantages of mucosal immunity,and analyzed the key restrict factors,the existing problems and prospects of mucosal immunity.
Mucosal Immunity
Mucosal immunology
Intestinal mucosa
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The experiment was conducted to study the mensuration of IgG content in chickens′ mucosal immune system after Lasota vaccination. The changes of HI titer in immunized chickens′ tear, tracheal fluid and serum were measured in the experiment. The results showed that when mucosal immunity in NDV immunity is used, the IgG content of mucosal immune response positions is higher than that when humoral immunity is used; After the mucosal immunity, the stronger immune response is produced near the immunized position; HI titer in mucosal immune positions is higher than that in serum after the first immunity, but the result is reversed after the second immunity.
Newcastle Disease
Mucosal Immunity
Humoral immunity
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Mucosal immunity covers a variety of mucosal surfaces susceptible to different pathogens.This review explores the basic principles of mucosal immunity in light of the diversity of mucosal surfaces and their unique tissue environments,and offers some thoughts on approaches for developing vaccines to induce mucosal immunity,predominantly based on experiments studying immune responses to infection and vaccination in large animals.
Key words:
Mucous membrane; Immunity,mucosal; Vaccines
Mucosal Immunity
Mucous membrane
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The research showed that the instestinal tract was the biggest immune organ in human body.More and more attention had been paid to the injury of intestinal immunity caused by sport and its treatment.The paper expatiated on the researches of relations between the glutamine and intestinal immunity,between sport and intestinal immunity and between the glutamine supplement and gut immunity.
Mucosal Immunity
Digestive tract
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Effect of E.coli on intestinal mucosal immunity-associated cells of rabbits was studied,and the curative effect was compared by intestinal mucosal immunity,forty rabbits were randomly divided into four groups.At different times mucosal immunity-associated cells were observed after injection of E.coli by abdominal cavity.The results showed that the number of mucosal immunity-associated cells was increased after intraperitoneal injection of bacilli,intestinal mucosal immunity was stimulated.There were no differences among cidomycin,lactolin and control groups or cidomycin and lactolin groups,better treatment effect was made.
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Abdominal cavity
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Intestinal mucosa
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Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change the composition of the flora in particular parts of the host. Recently, the use of probiotics to regulate intestinal flora to improve host immunity has received widespread attention. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics play significant roles in gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, help the host build a healthy intestinal mucosa protective layer, and enhance the host immune system. Based on the close relationship between the gut microbiota and human immunity, it has become an extremely effective way to improve human immunity by regulating the gut microbiome with probiotics. In this review, we discussed the influence of probiotics on the gut microbiota and human immunity, and the relationship between immunity, probiotics, gut microbiota, and life quality. We further emphasized the regulation of gut microflora through probiotics, thereby enhancing human immunity and improving people’s lives.
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