The effect of antioxidants in Ehrlich Ascites Cancer
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A fundamental goal in molecular oncology is to unravel the underlying mechanisms which cause the cell transformation. In line with this approach, genome-wide functional screening approaches have revealed exciting insights into heterogeneous nature of cancer. Rapidly expanding horizons of research have unraveled myriad of pathways which play instrumental role in carcinogenesis and metastasis. Oxidative stress has also been reported to be significantly involved in cancer onset and progression. In line with this approach, oxidative stress modulating chemicals have always been sharply divided into antioxidants and oxidative stress-inducing agents. Conceptual and experimental advancements have enabled us to critically analyze full potential of these two different groups of chemicals in cancer chemoprevention. Different antioxidants are currently being analyzed in different phases of clinical trials. Although it has been reported in the literature that antioxidant supplements reduce tumor cells in some tumors or cause volume reduction in solid tumor sizes, there is no definite consensus. Therefore, an antioxidant supplement guideline based on more detailed clinical research and as a result of these is needed to achieve the best care for cancer patients and to avoid risky treatments for cancer patients.Oxidative stress is associated with carcinogenesis. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species contribute to the accumulation of mutations in the genome, presumably followed by selective processes. Recent data suggest that preferred signaling pathways exist for oxidative stress–associated carcinogenesis. Whether this completely depends on random mutations induced by reactive species or whether instead some fragile genomic loci are sensitive to oxidative damage in association with changes of transcriptional activity or other topologic or nontopologic effects remains to be explored. Reliable markers for oxidative stress as well as for oxidative stress–induced preneoplastic lesions must be established.
Reactive nitrogen species
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The antioxidant activity of several kinds of phenolic compounds in vegetables and fruits, including flavanone, polymethoxylated flavone, flavonol, phenolic acid etc. was evaluated by several antioxidant assays with different antioxidant mechanism. The result indicated that the antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds was related with their structures closely. We suggested that the assessment of antioxidant activity of natural products or antioxidants should based on at least two antioxidant assays with different antioxidant mechanism, in order to achieve a more objective and reasonable conclusion.
Flavanone
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This study examined global oxidative stress (GOS) and antioxidant system and their correlation with disease stage in 19 patients with HD. The results revealed an increase in oxidative stress biomarkers and a reduction in antioxidant systems in HD patients. The effects were more intense in HD1 than in HD2 patients. Additionally, carbonylated proteins and GOS were correlated with disease stage. These findings suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HD.
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Oxidative stress is an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, resulting in disruption of redox signaling and control and causing molecular damage. Oxidative stress is related to a variety of diseases, for example, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, infections, and cancer. It might be that oxidative stress, and, more specifically, reactive oxygen species (ROS), affects longevity in a subtle way through signaling. Possible therapies to reduce oxidative stress in the elderly are nutritional intervention (for example, caloric restriction (CR)) and exercise. Exercise is associated with favorable changes in the expression of antioxidant enzymes and the oxidative stress status in general. A diet with CR also seems to be a promising way to reduce oxidative stress by decreasing oxidant emission and improving antioxidant mechanisms. A better understanding of where the antioxidant mechanisms in the elderly fail could be a big step forward in developing new therapies (such as exercise or diet) that prevent oxidative damage and cellular dysfunction with age.
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xidative stress is defined as ROS in excess of anti-oxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress can result from an excess of ROS, a reduction in antioxi-dants, or both. Damage attributable to oxidative stress is widespread, and oxidative stress is recognized as a prominent feature in numerous disease processes, in-cluding neoplasia and heart disease, as well as trauma and burns.
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Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a normal process. Under physiological conditions, these deleterious species are mostly removed by the cellular antioxidant systems, which include antioxidant vitamins, protein and non-protein thiols, and antioxidant enzymes. An acute bout of exercise at sufficient intensity has been shown to stimulate activities of antioxidant enzymes. This could be considered as a defensive mechanism of the cell under oxidative stress. However, we still have insufficient knowledge about the interaction between exercise and antioxidants, which are important in assessing the adequacy of protection against oxidative damage and about the necessity of dietary manipulation and/or supplementation. This review concerns effects of acute exercise on various oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant defense system.
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The antioxidant activity of rosemary antioxidant compared with BHT antioxidant on snake oil and grape seed oil was discussed in this paper,UV / VIS spectra of rosemary antioxidant was investigated in this paper.The results showed that rosemary antioxidant had the best antioxidant activity,when its concentration was between 0.04% to 0.05%.The oxidation resistance decrease with the increase of the amount.When the amount rose to some degree,it turned out to be catalytic oxidation.The rosemary antioxidant had great absorption at the UVA band,which could improve the protection of UVA in Sunscreen cosmetic.
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