High-functioning autism and the ideology of behaviorism
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Freud, with his typical modesty, once said that writers were always far in advance of the discoveries of psychoanalysis. We see evidence of this every day. For instance, the writer François Meyronnis describes how, as a school child, his refusal to learn how to read and count bothered not just his teachers and parents but also his classmates. In his recent autobiography, Meyronnis writes: "[My teachers] did not know the way a single letter agitated a space and made it vibrate. How, thick with sound, it haunted the space and made it spin around, risking a spike here, a hook there" (Meyronnis, 2012, p. 12–13). When, as a child, he did not join in group games, when he would withdraw, his classmates would call him odd, only to then immediately deny him this status: "You pretend you're original, but deep down you're just like us." He would try to "bear witness to what cannot be measured". As an adult, he then endeavoured to "eliminate all ordinary measures". This could be taken as the very definition of topology, the branch of mathematics interested precisely in the relationships between elements rather than their measured distances.Keywords:
Behaviorism
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This paper aims at exploring in details about one of the left language learning theoriesnamely Behaviorism. Behaviorism, as how it is today, is gradually left behind since there are many new theories of language learning. Regarding this issue, it is very important to ensure that actually Behaviorism is still useful in certain teaching and learning activities in the classroom. This review investigates behaviorism methodology having advantages in learning a language in the classroom. This review also observes the critics of behaviorism and its weaknesses in a learning environment. This inquiry concentrates on the view point of B.F. Skinner, one of the most outspoken behaviorism psychologist and his experimentations about animals. The notion of antimentalism of behaviorism also discussed in the process.
Keywords: Behaviorism Theory, Foreign Language, Teaching Methodology
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The debate on whether or not literature is an ideology is still continuing,and it is very difficult to draw a conclusion.A longitudinal historical inspection of it will discover that the theory of literature as an ideology is not groundless at all.Literature as an ideology has a long history.Regarding literature purely as an ideology does not hold water,but it is undeniable that literature more or less contains the elements of an ideology.
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Recent public discussions suggest that there is much disagreement about the way autism is and should be described. This study sought to elicit the views and preferences of UK autism community members - autistic people, parents and their broader support network - about the terms they use to describe autism. In all, 3470 UK residents responded to an online survey on their preferred ways of describing autism and their rationale for such preferences. The results clearly show that people use many terms to describe autism. The most highly endorsed terms were 'autism' and 'on the autism spectrum', and to a lesser extent, 'autism spectrum disorder', for which there was consensus across community groups. The groups disagreed, however, on the use of several terms. The term 'autistic' was endorsed by a large percentage of autistic adults, family members/friends and parents but by considerably fewer professionals; 'person with autism' was endorsed by almost half of professionals but by fewer autistic adults and parents. Qualitative analysis of an open-ended question revealed the reasons underlying respondents' preferences. These findings demonstrate that there is no single way of describing autism that is universally accepted and preferred by the UK's autism community and that some disagreements appear deeply entrenched.
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The rise in the Party's ideological and theoretical level is the ideological guarantee for continued progress of the cause of our Party and state.To strengthen the ideological and theoretical education of cadres in accordance with the requirements of theThree Represent's is to help them to keep the ideological gists of theThree Represent's;in hand,emphasize thetheoretical basis,world foresightand the education in accomplishment of Party spirit,and improve the educators themselves.
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Abstract Teleological behaviorism, unlike Skinnerian behaviorism, recognizes that “mental terms’ are needed to account adequately for human behavior, but it rejects the essential role in behavioral explanations of the subjective perspective of the agent. I argue that teleological behaviorism fails because of this rejection.
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In the 16th Congress of CPC, Three Represents, the important ideology, has been established as the Party's instruction ideology and was written in the party con stitution. It becomes the program of CPC. It is also a leap from the Party's con struction ideology to instruction ideology. This is not haphazard, because there is profound theoretical basis and practical foundation. This is an inevitable o utcome of history and times.
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