Biochar-based Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Degradation of Organic Contaminants in Water
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This study reviews catalytic ozonation AOPs and traditional ozone-based AOPs to compare their efficiency for degradation of ozone-recalcitrant compounds. With the world’s population increasing and water becoming a scarce resource, it is important to improve current water recycling methods. Recycling water will play a large role in accommodating the increasing demand, but it will also be necessary to be improve the level of treatment in order to account for emerging contaminants (ECs) such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed to degrade ECs that are not effectively removed by conventional wastewater treatment. The goal of implementing AOPs is to promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH), which are stronger oxidants than ozone, to degrade recalcitrant compounds. Current AOPs under investigation include ozonation of metal and carbon-based catalysts, known as catalytic ozonation. Traditional ozone-based AOPs currently in use include UV combined with ozone (UV/O3) and hydrogen peroxide combined with ozone (H2O2/O3).
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Abstract Disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation during the treatment of raw Colorado River Water (CRW) using aqueous chlorine and ultraviolet (UV) light advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) was investigated. Here, CRW was combined with aqueous chlorine from two distinct sources (electrochemically-generated Mixed Oxidant Solution (MOS) and commercial sodium hypochlorite) and then exposed to ultraviolet C (UV-C) and ultraviolet A (UV-A) light. The impact of the treatment process on the structure of (NOM) in the CRW was examined, as well as the resulting production of various halogenated organic Disinfection By-Products (DBPs). Both AOP conditions tested resulted in destruction of chromophoric components of the NOM, while formation of total amounts of haloacetic acids and trihalomethanes was far below the US EPA regulated maximum contaminant level values for these contaminants, even though the UV and chlorine doses used in these studies were much higher than the typical doses used in an actual treatment process.
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Liquid effluents from chemical industry are loaded with low concentrations of refractory compounds. An effective treatment for their destruction is the combination of chemical pre-oxidation with activated hydrogen peroxide followed by a biological treatment system. As a result the refractory substances need not to be completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. Intermediates of the oxidation like polyhydroxylated phenols and carboxylic acids can be biodegraded easily. Therefore less oxidant is required and the process becomes more economic. All oxidation processes involving the generation of hydroxyl radicals are called {open_quotes}Advanced Oxidation Processes{close_quotes}. Hydroxyl radicals are a powerful oxidant for the removal of organics in wastewaters. 7 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
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