Laparoscopic-assisted removal of multiple ingested magnets: An unusual and unique operative finding
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Ingestion of two or more than two magnets is, almost never an innocent occurrence, because these are almost always associated with health morbidity, related to gastrointestinal tract complications. Children are more prone to this potentially life threatening hazard. Herein, we are presenting a unique case of three year old boy who ingested three magnetic beads one month back and presented with complaint of abdominal pain only with no other signs and symptoms. The magnetic objects were retrieved by laparoscopic assistance from gastro-colic ligament.Cite
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Swimming pool water ingestion volumes are necessary for assessing infection risk from swimming. Pool water ingestion volumes can be estimated by questionnaire or measuring a chemical tracer in swimmer urine. Questionnaires are often preferred to the chemical tracer method because surveys are less time consuming, but no research exists validating questionnaires accurately quantify pool water ingestion volumes. The objective of this study was to explore if questionnaires are a reliable tool for collecting pool water ingestion volumes. A questionnaire was issued at four pool sites in Tucson, Arizona to 46 swimmers who also submitted a urine sample for analyzing cyanuric acid, a chemical tracer. Perceived ingestion volumes reported on the questionnaire were compared with pool water ingestion volumes, quantified by analyzing cyanuric acid in swimmer urine. Swimmers were asked if they swallowed (1) no water or only a few drops, (2) one to two mouthfuls, (3) three to five mouthfuls, or (4) six to eight mouthfuls. One mouthful is the equivalent of 27 mL of water. The majority (81%) of swimmers ingested <27 mL of pool water but reported ingesting >27 mL ("one mouthful") on the questionnaire. More than half (52%) of swimmers overestimated their ingestion volume. These findings suggest swimmers are over-estimating pool water ingestion because they perceive one mouthful is <27 mL. The questionnaire did not reliably collect pool water ingestion volumes and should be improved for future exposure assessment studies. Images of the ingestion volume categories should be included on the questionnaire to help swimmers visualize the response options.
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To study fallout 3H ingestion in Japan, 16 separate food group samples were collected from Akita during 1985. The 3H concentration in free water and that in a tissue-bound form were determined separately. The average 3H concentration in the tissue-bound form was 2.2 Bq L−1, 1.7 times higher than in the free water of the food. The ingestions of 3H in the tissue-bound form and as free water in the diet were 0.60 Bq d−1 and 1.0 Bq d−1, respectively. Cereals represented the food group that contributed the most to the ingestion of tissue-bound 3H. Total 3H ingestion was estimated to be 4.1 Bq d−1. The contribution of the tissue-bound form to the total ingestion was 15%, considerably lower than reported for Italian diets. The ratio of 3H ingestion in the tissue-bound form to the free water form in the diet was similar to the ratio reported for New York City.
Free water
Bound water
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Summary To express the degree of hunger during both of feeding and unfeeding periods of spiders, equations for the amount of ingestion and food disappearance from the gut were presented using three components: capacity of gut, rate of ingestion and rate of food disappearance. The degree of hunger was expressed by the rate of unfilled capacity of gut to the capacity of gut based on these equations. The rates of ingestion and food disappearance were estimated from the results of experiment with a wolf spider, Pardosa laura . The equations obtained well applied to the experimental result. By changing values of these rates, it was revealed that the ratio of rates of ingestion to food disappearance determine the amount of ingestion.
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Zona incerta
Subthalamic Nucleus
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The ingestion of a foreign body (FB) is a potentially serious condition. In children, the most common years for FB ingestion are from the age of 6 months to 6 years. FB ingestion also occurs in those with psychiatric disorders or mental retardation and among adult prisoners and alcoholics. Most ingested FBs spontaneously pass out of the body via the gastrointestinal system. An endoscopic or surgical approach is only needed if the object fails to progress through the gastrointestinal tract. All objects impacted in the oesophagus require urgent treatment. This study reports a case of multiple FB ingestion and provides a literature review.
Foreign Body Ingestion
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