Novel biosynthesis, characterization and bio-catalytic potential of green algae (Spirogyra hyalina) mediated silver nanomaterials
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In recent years green nanotechnology gained significant importance to synthesize nanoparticles due to their cost effectiveness and biosafety. In the current study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized by using extract of Spirogyra hyalina as a capping and reducing agent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractive analysis. Silver nanoparticles give a characteristic Surface Plasmon Resonance peak of 451 nm at 2.21 a.u (arbitrary unit). SEM micrograph revealed the spherical morphology and average grain size of 52.7 nm. Furthermore, antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal, antioxidant and membrane damage activities were determined. The maximum antibacterial and antifungal activity was observed for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (18 ± 1.2 mm) and Fusarium solani (14.3 ± 0.6 mm), respectively. In membrane damage assay, Pseudomonas aeruginosa absorbed A260 wavelength and gave maximum peak values of 0.286, 0.434 and 0.629 at 25, 35 and 45 µg/mL of silver nanoparticles. The membrane damage assay confirmed that nanoparticles are involved in bacterial cell membrane damage. At 500 ppm silver nanoparticles showed 30% mortality against Tribolium castaneum (a common grain pest). The silver nanoparticles also showed potent antioxidant activity and successfully scavenged the DPPH free radicals upto 53.43 ± 0.17, 43.26 ± 0.97, 31.39 ± 0.33, 24.62 ± 0.85, and 14.13 ± 0.12% at a concentration of 400, 200, 100, 50, and 25 µg/mL of nanoparticles, respectively. It is concluded that silver nanoparticles can easily be synthesized by using green algae Spirogyra hyalina as a capping and reducing agent. Silver nanoparticles showed potent biomedical activities and thus can be used for therapeutic applications invitro and invivo.Keywords:
Silver nanoparticle
Spirogyra
Zeta potential
In order to solve the problems of rubropunctatin insoluble in water and its low bioavailability, and explore the synthesis method of green silver nanoparticles, rubropunctatin was used as reducing agent and blocking agent, rubropunctatin-functionalized silver nanoparticles (R-AgNPs) were successfully synthesized. The distinctive absorption peak at 410 nm confirmed the formation of R-AgNPs. Zeta potential measurement showed excellent stability of R-AgNPs with negative values of -29.81 ± 0.37 mV. The results of TEM and XRD showed that the prepared R-AgNPs were round, well dispersed and crystallized with average particle size of 13.54 ± 0.42 nm. FT-IR and XPS studies show that functional groups are involved in R-AgNPs synthesis. The antibacterial activity of R-AgNPs was compared with commercial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by microdilution method. The results showed that R-AgNPs (MIC 7.81 μg/mL) has stronger antibacterial activity than commercial AgNPs. The bacteria morphology was observed by the live and dead (SYTO 9/PI) staining assay and SEM showed that the antibacterial effect of R-AgNPs was caused by the destruction of the bacterial cell membrane. Cytotoxicity of rubropunctatin-functionalized silver nanoparticles and commercial silver nanoparticles on mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The results showed that the toxicity of rubropunctatin-functionalized silver nanoparticles to 3T3 cells was lower than that of commercial silver nanoparticles. In summary, synthesis of silver nanoparticles using rubropunctatin is a green synthesis method, and R-AgNPs is a potential antibacterial agent.
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In the present study, the extracellular phycofabrication (synthesis by algae) of silver nanoparticles was demonstrated using algae i.e. Spirogyra sp. recovered from the fresh water. The reduction of silver ions present in the aqueous solution of silver sulphate (Ag2SO4) was done by the cell filtrate of Spirogyra sp. leading to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Phycofabrication of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by using characterization tools like UV-Vis spectrophotometer, FTIR, TEM and NTA. The resulting silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape, in the range of 40-80 nm and capped with proteins. Through the experimental studies, it was found that temperature, pH and salt concentration affects the rate of phycofabrication of silver nanoparticles. Antibacterial study of phycofabricated silver nanoparticles was assessed against human pathogenic bacteria. These silver nanoparticles showed better antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria i.e. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC-25923) (13 mm) as compared to Gram negative bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli JM-103 (ATCC-39403) (11 mm). This is the first report of synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Spirogyra sp < /em>. using Ag2SO4 as a salt. Extracellular phycofabrication of silver nanoparticles by Spirogyra sp. was found be easy, simple and eco-friendly method.
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This study examined the structural characteristics and antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized from black seed. Aqueous and methanolic extracts of the black seeds were used to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). Antibacterial activity of the synthesized AgNPs was tested against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Klebsiella oxytoca. UV-visible spectra revealed a strong and broad surface plasmon resonance peak between 400-500nm. TEM showed that the AgNPs were spherical in shape and were well separated while XRD showed cubic and hexagonal structures of the AgNPs. EDS spectra showed that AgNPs have a weight percentage of silver as 77.98% and 84.63% for aqueous and methanolic extracts respectively. The AgNPs showed a 14-20mm zone of inhibition against the test organisms. This study showed that AgNPs can be effectively synthesized using black seed and showed moderate antibacterial activity.
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Antibacterial Activity of pH-Dependent Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles against Clinical Pathogen
Simple, nontoxic, environmental friendly method is employed for the production of silver nanoparticles. In this study the synthesized nanoparticles UV absorption band occurred at 400 nm because of the surface Plasmon resonance of silver nanoparticles. The pH of the medium plays important role in the synthesis of control shaped and sized nanoparticles. The colour intensity of the aqueous solution varied with pH. In this study, at pH 9, the colour of the aqueous solution was dark brown, whereas in pH 5 the colour was yellowish brown; the colour difference in the aqueous solution occurred due to the higher production of silver nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was carried out against E. coli . The silver nanoparticles synthesized at pH 9 showed maximum antibacterial activity at 50 μ L.
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Synthesis of silver nanoparticles is achieved through methods such as physical, chemical and biological. Biological method of nanoparticles synthesis is economical and eco-friendly. The plant extract of DaturaalbaNees. incubated with silver nitrate showed gradual change in colour from colourless to reddish brown with increasing intensity. UVVisible spectrophotometry revealed that peak was obtained at 444 nm. X-Ray Diffraction analysis has shown that silver nanoparticles were crystalline and domain particle size was 28.42 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis showed aggregates silver nanoparticles and these were spherical in shape. These phytosynthesized nanoparticles were tested for their antibacterial activity. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was analyzed by measuring the inhibitory zone. It was observed against Chlostridiumdiptheriae.
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Objective: In the present system, the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine the red alga Spyridia fusiformis and antibacterial activity was carried out.Methods: The seaweed extract was used for the synthesis of AgNPs at room temperature. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by using UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The antibacterial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was carried out by disc diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria.Results: The UV-visible spectroscopy revealed surface plasmon resonance at 450 nm. The FT-IR measurements showed the possible functional groups responsible for the formation of nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the particles were crystalline in nature. TEM micrograph has shown the formation of silver nanoparticles with the size in the range of 5–50 nm. The silver nanoparticles synthesized from the S. fusiformis showed higher activity and proved their efficacy in controlling the pathogenic bacterial strains. The nanoparticles showed highest inhibition activity on K. pneumaniae and S. aureus up to 26 and 24±0.01 mm at 100 μg/ml of nanoparticles.Conclusion: The synthesised AgNPs have shown the best antibacterial activity against human pathogens E. coli, K. pneumoniae, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The above eco-friendly AgNPs synthesis procedure could be a viable solution for industrial applications in the future and therapeutic needs.
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This study compares the morphologies, zeta potentials, and antibacterial effects a total 12 different microcompounds containing honey and silver nanoparticles, in a novel study of the difference between honey samples in nanoparticle synthesis, as well as the antibacterial interaction that those honey samples can have with the silver nanoparticles synthetized using them. Microcompounds were synthetized by combining silver nitrate solution with a honey sample and performing one of methods of biogenic synthesis: sunlight exposure, basification to pH 5 or basification to pH 10. Samples of each microcompound were also submitted to heat treatment, obtaining thus heated variants. Morphology and size data were obtained by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM); while zeta potential was measured by Electrophoretic Light Scattering. Broth microdilution, time-kill curves and SEM were used to access the antibacterial effect. Mean diameter of particles inside all microcompounds varied between 100 nm and 150 nm; and the zeta potential varied depending on the honey used. Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of microcompounds were between 15 μM and 500 μM. Time-kill curves showed that microcompounds had a faster and stronger effect against Escherichia coli than Staphylococcus aureus. Microcompounds obtained by basification to pH 5 or by sunlight were bactericidal, as they were capable of inhibiting bacterial growth (resulting in an antibacterial efficiency of 100% in 24 hours) at 125 μM against S. aureus and 62.5 μM against E. coli. SEM micrographs showed bacterial cells with lower cell density, blebs and other alteration after microcompound treatment.
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In the present study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Hygrophila Auriculata plant seed act as a reducing and capping agent has been reported in the present work. Biosynthesized AgNPs were primarily confirmed by change in colour from colourless to brown. UV-Vis spectrum of the AgNPs showed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak at 443 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to key out the specific functional groups responsible for the reduction of silver nitrate to form silver nanoparticles and the capping agents present in the seed extract. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses revealed that the synthesized AgNPs were shape and the particle size was estimated in the range1-100 nm. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) spectrum showed peaks for the presence in the range 5 Kev. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The structural phase of the AgNPs was found in the form of face centred cubic (FCC).The antibacterial effect of nanoparticles produced Hygrophila Auriculata was studied using different pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. From the disc diffusion methods, the synthesized silver nanoparticles showed an antibacterial activity.
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The present study was planned to characterize and analyze the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) biosynthesized using a Coccinia indica leaf (CIL) ethanolic extract. The present study included the preparation of CIL ethanolic extract using the maceration process, which was further used for AgNP biosynthesis by silver nitrate reduction. Biosynthetic AgNPs were characterized using UV–Visible spectrometry, zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometry. The biogenic AgNP and CIL extracts were further investigated against different bacterial strains for their antimicrobial activity. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal at 425 nm confirmed AgNP formation. The SEM and TEM data revealed the spherical shape of biogenic AgNPs and size in the range of 8 to 48 nm. The EDX results verified the presence of Ag. The AgNPs displayed a zeta potential of −55.46 mV, suggesting mild AgNP stability. Compared to Gram-positive bacteria, the biogenic AgNPs demonstrated high antibacterial potential against Gram-negative bacteria. Based on the results, the current study concluded that AgNPs based on CIL extract have strong antibacterial potential, and it established that AgNP biosynthesis using CIL ethanol extract is an effective process.
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Silver nitrate
Maceration (sewage)
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