The Relationship between the Maxillary Sinus and Dental Root Apices Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
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Abstract:
The maxillary sinus is an essential anatomical structure in close relation to maxillary teeth roots. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anatomic proximity of the maxillary posterior roots’ apices to the maxillary sinus floor using cone-beam CT in a population attending King Saud University. Materials and methods: CBCT images for patients attending the dental school of king Saud university were screened, and images containing maxillary sinuses were evaluated. The relation between teeth roots and sinus floor was divided into Root tips penetrating the sinus (In the sinus, Type 1), Root tips in contact with the sinus floor (On the sinus, Type 2), and Root tips below the sinus floor (Type 3). Results: around 288 scans were included. The average age was 40.63 ±6.53. Root tips contacting the sinus floor (root on the sinus) formulated the largest category (45.1%). A strong correlation was found between all age groups and root relation to sinus (p<0.000), with most roots penetrating the sinus belongs to younger patients. Around (41.7%) of molar roots were in direct contact with the sinus floor (on the sinus), while 50% of premolar roots had no relation to the sinus floor. Conclusion: Molar roots appear closer to the sinus floor than premolars, with age appearing to influence the root relation to the sinus.Keywords:
Sinus (botany)
Cone-Beam CT
Premolar
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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the upper posterior root tips in the Colombian population using cone-beam computed tomography.A total of 1656 roots were analyzed (1104 molars and 552 premolars), classified as types I (outside the maxillary sinus) and II (inside the maxillary sinus).The results showed that the palatal root of the maxillary first molar was most frequently found inside the antrum.Understanding the relationship between the maxillary sinus floor and the upper posterior root tips is important to the clinician when performing conventional or surgical endodontic treatment and conventional surgery procedures in order to minimize or avoid the risk of damaging the maxillary sinus.
Maxillary first molar
Sinus (botany)
Posterior teeth
Maxillary molar
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Sinus (botany)
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Sinus (botany)
Premolar
Posterior teeth
Cone-Beam CT
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Objective To analyse the anterior extension of the maxillary sinus, distribution of the sinus septa and vertical relationship between the maxillary sinus and molar roots using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods Imaging data of 970 consecutive patients who underwent CBCT scans were retrospectively collected. The anterior border, septa distribution of the maxillary sinus and relationship between the maxillary sinus and molar roots were analysed. The root-sinus relationship was divided into three types; the roots protruding into the sinus or touching the floor without a bony barrier was defined as Type I root-sinus relationship. Results Overall, 15.5% of the maxillary sinuses extended beyond the incisor region and 68.9% extended beyond the canine region. A bony septum of ≥ 2 mm was detected in 16.9% (328/1940) of the maxillary sinuses from 26.0% (252/970) of the patients. Among the 355 septa in the 328 sinuses with septa, 108 (30.4%) were located at the first and second premolar region, 180 (50.7%) at the first and second molar region and 67 (18.9%) posterior to the second molar. Among the first molars, a Type I root-sinus relationship was detected in 61.0% of palatine roots, 55.4% of distobuccal (DB) roots, and 52.7% of mesiobuccal (MB) roots. Moreover, among three-rooted second molars, a Type I relationship was detected in 62.0%, 58.2% and 45.8% of MB, DB and palatine roots, respectively. Conclusion The maxillary sinus can extend beyond the incisor region; approximately 1/6 of sinuses have bony septa; and 1/2 of molar roots protrude into the maxillary sinus or touch the sinus floor without a bony barrier.
Sinus (botany)
Premolar
Maxillary first molar
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess morphologic features of alveolar bone supporting maxillary premolars and molars and to determine the relationship between maxillary sinus and teeth using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).Material and Methods: In CBCT scans of 100 patients, the thickness of both trabecular bone and cortical plates surrounding 652 posterior teeth were measured and the relationship between teeth and maxillary sinus was classified. Also, the angle between the teeth and the alveolar crest was measured.Results: Of the teeth examined, 25 % were in contact with the inferior wall of maxillary sinus, 12% had penetrated the sinus and 63 % were far away from maxillary sinus. The closest root to the maxillary sinus floor was mesiobuccally root of second molar teeth with 1.3 mm distance. The teeth which had thinnest bone configuration were maxillary first premolars. There were no significant differences for measurements between sides and gender (p>005). Buccal bone thickness and distance to the maxillary sinus floor showed a negative correlation in molars (p˂0.001 and 0.003).Conclusion: In order to prevent possible complications, a three-dimensional analysis of the posterior maxilla and maxillary sinus is required before implant procedures to be performed on the maxillary posterior region.
Posterior teeth
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Apex (geometry)
Premolar
Sinus (botany)
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Background: Understanding the morphological characteristics between the floor of the maxillary sinus and the tips of the maxillary posterior roots is crucial in orthodontics involving diagnosis and treatment planning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distances from the maxillary posterior root apices to the inferior wall of the maxillary sinus, thickness and density of maxillary sinus floor using cone-beam computed tomography images and the relationships between roots and maxillary sinus according to side, and gender. Materials and methods: Three-dimensional images of each root were checked, and the distances were measured along the true vertical axis from the apex of the root to the sinus floor, and the thickness and density of maxillary sinus floor in 60 patients (30 males, 30 female) aged 18 to 25 years. Results: The results showed that the frequency of root contact with the sinus floor increased from 42.5% at the second premolar to more than 91% at the mesiobuccal roots of the second molars. The more protruded root into the sinus floor was the mesiobuccal root apices of the second molars. The distances of both mesiobuccal and palatal roots of second molars and density of second premolar and first molar in left side were significantly higher than the right side, while the thickness of mesiobuccal roots of the second molar was higher in right side than in left side. The distance and density had no significant difference in both males and females, while the thickness of distobuccal and palatal roots of the second molar is higher in females than in males. Conclusion: In conclusion intrusion of the maxillary molars in small distances between root tips and sinus floor could be difficult and slow due to the pneumatization of the maxillary sinus.
Premolar
Sinus (botany)
Apex (geometry)
Maxillary first molar
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Background: The dimension of maxillary sinus is dynamic and might complicate the dental practice. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze maxillary sinus dimension with respect to different ages, genders, tooth sites, and relationships between root of posterior maxillary teeth (RPMT) and adjacent maxillary sinus floor, using cross-sectional images from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: The 320 qualified cross-sectional posterior maxillary images of CBCT from 50 patients retrieved from the database were used to analyze the maxillary sinus area. Five types of relationship between RPMT and adjacent maxillary sinus floor were classified accordingly. The associated factors, such as age, genders, and tooth sites, were also examined. The one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was performed to compare the maxillary sinus cross-sectional area in different classifications of RPMT relative to adjacent maxillary sinus floor. Results: There were significant differences of mean maxillary sinus area between different genders (P < 0.001) and age groups (P = 0.01). The mean sinus area measured from cross-sectional images was greater in Type 3 classification of RPMT relative to maxillary sinus, compared to Type 2, Type 1, and Type 0 (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The RPMT relative to adjacent sinus floor may be associated with area of maxillary sinus. The maxillary sinus with greater area in cross-sectional images of CBCT would be closer to the RPMT and might complicate the dental practice.
Sinus (botany)
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Premolar
Apex (geometry)
Sinus (botany)
Maxillary first molar
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This study investigated the relationship between the roots of the maxillary molars and the maxillary sinus using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), and measured the distances between the roots of the maxillary molars and the sinus floor as well as the thickness of the bone between the root and the alveolar cortical plate.The study sample consisted of 83 patients with normally erupted bilateral maxillary first and second molars. A total of 332 maxillary molars were examined using CBCT images. The vertical relationship of each root with the maxillary sinus was classified into four types on CBCT cross-sectional images. The distance between the sinus floor and root and the bone thickness between the root and alveolar cortical plate were measured.In the buccal roots of the maxillary molars, a root protruding into the sinus occurred most frequently. A root projecting laterally along the sinus cavity was most common in the palatal roots of the maxillary first molars. The mesiobuccal roots of the maxillary second molar were closest to the sinus. The mesiobuccal roots of the first molars were closest to the cortical plate.The relationship between the roots of the maxillary molars and the sinus differed between the buccal and palatal roots. A root protruding into the sinus occurred more frequent in the buccal roots of the maxillary molars. The mesiobuccal root of the maxillary second molar was closest to the maxillary sinus floor and farthest from the alveolar cortical plate.
Maxillary first molar
Sinus (botany)
Maxillary molar
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