Draft Genome Sequences of Staphylococcus sp. Strain CWZ226, of Unknown Origin, and Pseudomonas sp. Strain CVAP#3, Antagonistic to Strain CWZ226
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Many Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas species, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , are opportunistic human pathogens. However, Pseudomonas species are also known to produce bioactive compounds. Here, we report on the genome sequences of a Pseudomonas isolate and a Staphylococcus species of unknown origin that it inhibits.Keywords:
Strain (injury)
All but 1 of 143 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were positive for protein A, whereas all 34 strains of Staphylococcus hyicus and 123 of 127 strains of Staphylococcus intermedius were devoid of this cell wall component.
Staphylococcus intermedius
Protein A
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The prevalence incidence and biochemical characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds of buffalos, goats, dogs, donkeys and chickens were studied during present indigestion.The highest infection of Staphylococcus aureus was found in wound samples of buffalos (70.00%). as compared to goat, (33%), dog, (3%) donkey (40%) and chicken, (46.66%) respectively. The overall pure samples with Staphylococcus auerus from the animals was recorded as 39.13% while mixed infection was observed as 34.78%. The shape of Staphylococcus auerus isolated from buffalos, goat, and chicken were cocci, spherical, round in shape and characterized as G+ve. The Staphylococcus auerus isolated from all the animals were non-motile. It is concluded that highest infections of Staphylococcus aureus was found in buffalo (70.00%), whereas highest number of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial specie was observed as compared to other bacterial species.
Staphylococcus intermedius
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Strain (injury)
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients chronically infected with both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus have worse health outcomes than patients who are monoinfected with either P. aeruginosa or S. aureus We showed previously that mucoid strains of P. aeruginosa can coexist with S. aureusin vitro due to the transcriptional downregulation of several toxic exoproducts typically produced by P. aeruginosa, including siderophores, rhamnolipids, and HQNO (2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide). Here, we demonstrate that exogenous alginate protects S. aureus from P. aeruginosa in both planktonic and biofilm coculture models under a variety of nutritional conditions. S. aureus protection in the presence of exogenous alginate is due to the transcriptional downregulation of pvdA, a gene required for the production of the iron-scavenging siderophore pyoverdine as well as the downregulation of the PQS (Pseudomonas quinolone signal) (2-heptyl-3,4-dihydroxyquinoline) quorum sensing system. The impact of exogenous alginate is independent of endogenous alginate production. We further demonstrate that coculture of mucoid P. aeruginosa with nonmucoid P. aeruginosa strains can mitigate the killing of S. aureus by the nonmucoid strain of P. aeruginosa, indicating that the mechanism that we describe here may function in vivo in the context of mixed infections. Finally, we investigated a panel of mucoid clinical isolates that retain the ability to kill S. aureus at late time points and show that each strain has a unique expression profile, indicating that mucoid isolates can overcome the S. aureus-protective effects of mucoidy in a strain-specific manner.IMPORTANCE CF patients are chronically infected by polymicrobial communities. The two dominant bacterial pathogens that infect the lungs of CF patients are P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, with ∼30% of patients coinfected by both species. Such coinfected individuals have worse outcomes than monoinfected patients, and both species persist within the same physical space. A variety of host and environmental factors have been demonstrated to promote P. aeruginosa-S. aureus coexistence, despite evidence that P. aeruginosa kills S. aureus when these organisms are cocultured in vitro Thus, a better understanding of P. aeruginosa-S. aureus interactions, particularly mechanisms by which these microorganisms are able to coexist in proximal physical space, will lead to better-informed treatments for chronic polymicrobial infections.
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Pseudomonas infection
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Cross‐reactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 36 other bacterial species were studied by various quantitative immunoelectrophoretic techniques. A complex Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigen and a corresponding rabbit antiserum were used as a reference system. Ten of the 55 Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens were cross‐reactive with antigens from as many as 33 other bacterial species, gram‐negative as well as gram‐positive. As judged by absorption of antibodies the degree of cross‐reactivity of each of the 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens with antigens from other species was found to be 25–100%, depending on the species and the antigen in question. The closest antigenic relationship to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 5 other Pseudomonas species, but members of the Enterobacteriaceae also cross‐reacted fairly extensively with Pseudomonas aeruginosa . One of the cross‐reactive antigens reacted with a normally occurring antibody in sera from rabbits.
Cross-reactivity
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Respiratory infections with bacterial pathogens remain the major cause of morbidity in individuals with the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Some studies have shown that CF patients that harbor both Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in their lungs are at even greater risk for more severe and complicated respiratory infections and earlier death. However, the drivers for this worse clinical condition are not well understood. To investigate the interactions between these two microbes that might be responsible for their increased pathogenic potential, we obtained 28 pairs of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from the same respiratory samples from 18 individuals with CF. We compared the survival of each S. aureus CF isolate cocultured with its corresponding coinfecting CF P. aeruginosa to when it was cocultured with non-CF laboratory strains of P. aeruginosa. We found that the S. aureus survival was significantly higher in the presence of the coinfecting P. aeruginosa compared to laboratory P. aeruginosa strains, regardless of whether the coinfecting isolate was mucoid or nonmucoid. We also tested how a non-CF S. aureus strain, JE2, behaved with each P. aeruginosa CF isolate and found that its interaction was similar to how the CF S. aureus isolate interacted with its coinfecting P. aeruginosa. Altogether, our work suggests that interactions between S. aureus and P. aeruginosa that promote coexistence in the CF lung are isolate-dependent and that this interaction appears to be driven mainly by P. aeruginosa.
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Staphylococcus spp. colonize commensally on the human skin. Some commensal coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus are also involved in nosocomial infections. Bacteria were collected from skin healed from pressure injury (PI). After the collection time points, some patients suffered from recurrent PI (RPI). This study analyzed the characteristics of Staphylococcus spp. on healed skin before recurrence between healed skin that suffered from RPI within 6 weeks (RPI group) and healed skin that did not suffer within the duration (non-RPI group) by Staphylococcus spp.-specific sequencing. Of the seven patients in the RPI group, two were dominated by S. aureus and four by Staphylococcus caprae, coagulase-negative human commensal staphylococci in the RPI group. Using mouse models, both S. caprae and S. aureus, but not Staphylococcus epidermidis, colonized on skin healed from injury at significantly higher rates than normal skin. Although subcutaneous injection of S. caprae did not induce lesion formation, the bacterium exhibited high hemolytic activity on human red blood cells. Lesion formation by subcutaneous injection of S. aureus was significantly suppressed in the presence of S. caprae. The hemolytic activity of rabbit blood cells of S. aureus was suppressed by S. caprae, whereas the hemolytic activity of S. caprae was dramatically suppressed by S. aureus. Data indicated that each of the two Staphylococcus spp. suppresses the pathogenicity of the other and that the imbalance between the two is associated with RPI.
Staphylococcal Skin Infections
Coagulase
Human skin
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Objective:To investigate CPC-nanoparticles of low concentrations in treatment of staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in vitro. Method: We established specific biofilms of staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692, and prepared CPC-nanoparticles and CPC micelle solutions of low concentrations(0.010%, 0.025% and 0.050%). AlamarBlue was used to test the viability of both planktonic staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa and their biofilms after treatment for 5 minutes and 2 hours respectively in the bactericidal efficacy study.The interaction between CPC-nanoparticles and staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms was observed by confocal laser scanning microscope(CLSM). Result: 0.010%, 0.025% and 0.050% CPC-nanoparticles and CPC-micelle solutions had significant bactericidal effect on planktonic staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa after fiveminute exposure(P<0.05), and staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms after both five-minute and two-hour treatments(P<0.05). In CLSM study, the size of staphylococcus aureus biofilms decreased, while dead bacteria of pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms increased after two-hour treatment. Conclusion: CPC-nanoparticles had significant bactericidal effects on staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms, which could be used in treatment of CRS.目的：探讨低浓度氯化十六烷基吡啶（CPC）季铵盐纳米颗粒在体外对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜的抑制作用。 方法：建立金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923和铜绿假单胞菌ATCC15692体外生物膜模型。制备低浓度（0.010％、0.025％和0.050％）CPC-季铵盐纳米颗粒和CPC胶体溶液。用alamarBlue法分别在CPC作用5min和2h后检测金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌游离及其生物膜的活性。应用激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）观察CPC-季铵盐纳米颗粒与金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜之间的相互作用。 结果：低浓度（0.010％、0.025％和0.050％）CPC-季铵盐纳米颗粒和CPC胶体溶液对游离金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌均有显著的抗菌作用（P<0.05），对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌生物膜分别作用5min和12h后同样具有显著的抗菌效果（P<0.05）。在CLSM研究中，金黄色葡萄球菌生物膜的面积明显减小，铜绿假单胞菌生物膜中的死菌明显增加。 结论：低浓度的CPC-季铵盐纳米颗粒即可对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌游离菌及生物膜产生显著的杀伤作用，有望应用于慢性鼻窦炎的治疗。.
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