New Compounds for the Management of Trypanosoma brucei Infection
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The effect of Trypanosoma congolense and T. brucei mixed infection on the pattern of haematological changes was demonstrated in a rat model. At the end of 21 days post infection (PI), anaemia which was characterised by drop in the packed cell volume (PCV), was found to be significantly (P
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This study determined haematological changes in Wistar rats experimentally infected with local strains of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Forty-five Wistar rats between 10 – 12 weeks old weighing between 210 – 240 g were used. The Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), with the infected groups (B, C and D) having 10 rats each, while the uninfected control group (A) had 15 rats. Group A rats were not infected and served as the control, group B were infected with Trypanosoma congolense, group C were infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and group D were co-infected with Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Infection was achieved using 0.1mL of blood containing approximately 1 × 103 trypanosomes intraperitoneally into each Wistar rat in the infected groups. Clinical signs were observed. The changes in the blood cells were assayed in the groups post-infection. Duncan’s Least Square Deviation showed significantly (p<0.05) higher parasitaemia in infected groups. However, group D showed a higher significant (p<0.05) difference in parasitaemia when compared to groups B and C. The pattern of mean parasitaemia for the infected groups, revealed a positive correlation with days of post-infection (p<0.05) before the decline. The packed cell volume, total red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration were significantly (p<0.05) lower in infected groups B, C and D. The total white blood cell count, platelet counts and differential leucocyte count were significantly (p<0.05) lower in infected groups when compared to the uninfected group. These findings suggest that co-infection with Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei obtained from Wurno and Ngaski in Sokoto and Kebbi States respectively produced a more damaging effect on haematological parameters.
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Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Adaptations of Trypanosoma brucei to gradual loss of kinetoplast DNA: Trypanosoma equiperdum and Trypanosoma evansi are petite mutants of T. brucei.
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The haematological and serum biochemical changes were studied in rabbits infected with Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma congolense and mixed infection. Twenty male chinchilla x New Zealand white cross bred rabbits were divided into 4 groups (A – D) of 5 rabbits each with group A infected with T bruce i, group B; infected with T congolense , group C infected with mixed T brucei and T congolese and D served as the uninfected control. The infection was well established by day 4 post-infection (PI). The infections led to decrease in packed cell volume, haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte count and increased total leucocyte count. The T congolense infected group maintained higher PCV and Hb values than the T brucei only and mixed infected groups. The total leucocyte count increased significantly (p<0.05) following infection and on day 21 PI, the T brucei infected group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than other groups. However, the increase in leucocyte reversed from day 28 PI. There was decrease in mean creatinine levels with the T brucei infected group being significantly (p<0.05) lower than the control on days 14, 21 and 28 PI but did not differ significantly with mixed and T congolense only groups. The T brucei and T congolense infected groups had increased in mean urea values following infection and were significantly (p<0.05) higher than mixed and control groups on days 21 and 28 PI. The mean AST and ALT values increased in all infected groups following infection and on day 35 PI, the infected groups were significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control. The results showed variations in pathogenesis of trypanosome species in rabbits. Key words : rabbit, trypanosomes, pathogenesis, haematology, serum biochemical,
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