Circular polarization detection metasurface inspired by the polarized vision of mantis shrimp
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We investigate circular polarization in pulsar radio emission through simultaneous observations of PSR B1133+16 at two frequencies. In particular, we investigate the association of the handedness of circular polarization with the orthogonal polarization mode phenomenon at two different frequencies. We find the association to be significant across the pulse for PSR B1133+16, making a strong case for orthogonal polarization modes determining the observed circular polarization. The association however is not perfect and decreases with frequency. Based on these results and assuming emission occurs in superposed orthogonal polarization modes, we present a technique of mode decomposition based on single pulses. Average profiles of the polarization of each mode can then be computed by adding the individual mode-separated single pulses. We show that decomposing single pulses produces different average profiles for the orthogonal polarization modes from decomposing average profiles. Finally, we show sample single pulses and discuss the implications of the frequency dependence of the correlation of the circular polarization with the orthogonal polarization mode phenomenon.
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The mantis, Mesopteryx platycephala, is redescribed with digital images. Although known from Assam, West Bengal and other areas, the mantis is not recently collected or illustrated from India so far and is perhaps a rare species. This short note aims to fill up the lacuna.
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Summary In 2010, a new site of the Praying Mantis Mantis religiosa L was found between Chmielnik and Holendry (UTM: DB70, 50°60’N, 20°70’E). This site is located on an open sandy area surrounded by a pine monoculture and a mixed forest. This is the westernmost site of this species in Poland. The potential threat to mantises in this area is afforestation. Another site was found in 2011 in the region of the village of Antonowka in Mazovia (UTM: EB49, 51°25’N, 21°34’E).
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Polarization holography has attracted considerable attention in recent years, due to its capability of recording the polarization information in polarization-sensitive material. Particularly, the faithful reconstruction (FR) can retrieve the polarization information of the recorded signal. To date, studies referring to these topics mainly concentrate on the interference between the same type of polarization such as linearly, circularly, and elliptically polarized light. In addition, most of the reading wave is strictly limited to some specified polarization state to achieve the FR. Here, we apply the linearly polarized light as the reference wave to record the circularly polarized light, and then the circular polarization state would be faithfully reconstructed by the arbitrarily polarized reading wave. We theoretically analyze its polarization characteristic based on the tensor theory and experimentally verified the analytical results. This result further extending the FR in polarization holography, and provides a practicable way to generate circular polarization which is easily fabricated. Moreover, the work would lay a favorable theoretical foundation for the future preparation of circular polarization generator and discloses a new insight in polarization manipulation for tailoring the optical field.
Elliptical polarization
Polarization rotator
Radial polarization
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We investigate circular polarization in pulsar radio emission through simultaneous observations of PSR B1133+16 at two frequencies. In particular, we investigate the association of the handedness of circular polarization with the orthogo- nal polarization mode phenomenon at two different frequencies. We find the association to be significant across the pulse for PSR B1133+16, making a strong case for orthogonal polarization modes determining the observed circular polarization. The association however is not perfect and decreases with frequency. Based on these results and assuming emission occurs in super- posed orthogonal polarization modes, we present a technique of mode decomposition based on single pulses. Average profiles of the polarization of each mode can then be computed by adding the individual mode-separated single pulses. We show that decomposing single pulses produces different average profiles for the orthogonal polarization modes from decomposing aver- age profiles. Finally, we show sample single pulses and discuss the implications of the frequency dependence of the correlation of the circular polarization with the orthogonal polarization mode phenomenon.
Polarization in astronomy
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This paper proposes a novel bow-tie metasurface that integrates various types of polarization conversions by optimizing traditional unit structures. The metasurface achieves wide-angle linear polarization conversion over the X-band (8–12 GHz) and has a linear polarization conversion efficiency of over 94% under normal incidence. In the Ku-band (12.4–15.6 GHz), the ellipticity value (e-value) and axial ratio calculations show that the linearly polarized waves incident along the Y axis will be effectively converted to left-handed circularly polarized waves. Additionally, in the X-band (8.9–10.5 GHz), the circular polarization and its co-polarization conversion efficiency can be maintained at 99.5%, allowing for an effective circular polarization phase shift using the Pancharatnam–Berry principle in this frequency range.
Elliptical polarization
Polarization rotator
Axial ratio
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Abstract We investigate the broad-band behaviour of circular polarization in radio pulsar profiles and show the relationship between polarization fraction and what proportion of that polarization is circular, both across frequency, and for a large number of pulsars viewed collectively. The behaviour observed may be explained by pulsar polarization originating from the partially-coherent combination of two linearly-polarized orthogonal modes with different flux spectral indices. (See also the poster in the “supplementary information”.)
Polarization in astronomy
Broad band
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