Comparison of methods of prediction of compressive strength of concrete using multiple linear regression in microsoft excel and artificial neural networks in RStudio
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Compressive strength (CS) of concrete is a key quality factor that is being monitored continuously in all construction projects which use huge quantity of concrete throughout the world. Engineers need to be open minded with the attitude of lifelonglearning to upskill with the ever-evolving softwareand hardware technologies. Seven day and twenty-eight-day compressive strengths of concrete samples with varied amounts of cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash, water, super plasticizer, coarse aggregate, and fine aggregate are studied. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models are fitted for this data in Microsoft Excel. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in RStudio are developed for this data. The performances of both methods are compared. This paper takes care of Goal 12 of United Nations Sustainable Development of ensuring sustainable consumption and production patterns as environmentally degrading materials (flyash and blast furnace slag) are used.Keywords:
Slag (welding)
Microsoft excel
Coal fly ash is discharged from coal-fired plants and it is expected to be used in industrial world. However, it's known that fly ash highly resembles to cement characteristics in its chemical properties and also physical composition. In light of this fact, this study intended to develop further. So, the objective of this research is to investigate the using of fly ash in producing concrete by replacing of cement content in different percentage and the focus in this paper is analysing the effect of fly ash on setting time of cement also comparing results achieved by using Kosovo’s and Japanese’s fly ash. The research conducts fly ash’s basic chemical and physical properties, setting time for various contents of fly ash and also comparing results for both cases. All results are based on experimental tests according to ASTM and entire work took place in concrete laboratory in Japan. To develop this research 20 different mixes underwent to the testing procedures and results are compared by charts.
On the fly
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Porous ceramics have a great potential to be utilised for adsorption purposes. In this study, the effects of fly ash addition in porous clay-fly ash composites via polymeric replica technique were investigated. The results shows that the fly ash addition from 1:1 to 1:1.5 (clay:fly ash ratio) have promoted favourable results for compressive strength (0.228-0.284 MPa), porosity (97.0-97.4 percent) and densities (2.358-2.439 g/cm 3 ) respectively. When the fly ash ratio addition was increased up to 1:2 (clay:fly ash ratio), the compressive strength (0.18 MPa) reduced significantly. However, the density was bounced back to 2.404 g/cm 3 at the same ratio. This condition was occurred due to high concentration of mineral contents when fly ash addition has increased. Based on XRD pattern, the intensities between mullite and quartz was reduced when clay:fly ash ratio increased from 1:1 to 1:1.5. As the clay:fly ash ratio was increased up to 1:2, the intensities of mullite and quartz showed an increment in XRD pattern. However, there were only 4 percent of changes in porosity when the fly ash addition was 1:2 (clay: fly ash ratio). The reticulated structures of porous clay-fly ash composites were similar although fly ash addition has increased from 1:1 to 1:2.
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As electricity increases every year in our country,the emissions from coal-fired power plants fly ash also increase and the environmental problem of fly ash is increasingly serious. Due to the use of fly ash much less than the total emissions,new areas of development and utilization of fly ash become a research hotspot. This paper analyzed the composition and morphology of fly ash. And the main application of fly ash were also discussed. The fly ash as adsorbent were used to remove SO2,CO2 and Hg in flue gas. This paper emphasized the present situation of the SCR denitration catalyst,the removal effect of NOxwith fly ash loading with transition metals as low-temperature SCR denitration catalyst and the preparation method of catalyst. Fly ash has been proved to have good removal effect of SO2,CO2,Hg and NOxin many studies. Because of good application of fly ash in flue gas treatment,the future development direction of fly ash to control pollution was propoesd.
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1. Uses of Fly Ash in Cement and Concrete 2. Effect of Fly Ash on the Properties of Fresh Concrete 3. Effect of Fly Ash on the Structural Properties of Hardened Concrete 4. Admixtures in Fly Ash Concrete 5. Miscellaneous Opportunities for Fly Ash Use 6. Fly Ash Usage in Waste Management 7. Special Problems Including Use Constraints 8. Types and Properties of Fly Ash 9. Effect of Fly Ash on the Durability of Concrete 10. Applications of Fly Ash in Special Concretes
Properties of concrete
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By the experiments of fly ash mortar,the activating effect of five activators of fly ash(Na2SO4,Ca(OH)2,Na2SiO3,CaSO4,the mixture of Na2SO4 and Ca(OH)2) was compared and the impact of low-calcium fly ash and high-calcium fly ash on the mechanical properties of fly ash mortar was also analyzed.For a high volume fly ash part,in order to improve its early strength,high-calcium fly ash should be chosen and CaSO4 or the mixture of Na2SO4 and Ca(OH)2 should be selected as the activator.
High calcium
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Fly ash is one of the most voluminous industrial byproducts that result from coal combustion. This study examines the physical and chemical characteristics of fly ash with the aim of: differentiating between high-Ca fly ash with low Ca ash, and exploring the statistical variability of fly ash properties. The paper describes the results of the laboratory tests used to evaluate the cementing characteristics of Class C fly ash obtained from power plant burning subbituminous Wyoming coal. Laboratory tests demonstrate that fly ash can be effectively used as cement surrogates in portland cement concrete, for intermediate strength fly ash concrete or flowable fills, and for low strength clay soil stabilizer.
Statistical Analysis
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Fly ash has been highly advocated to be re-utilized as a construction material. The most common utilization is to partially replace cement in a low-percentage scheme. However, there are several other schemes available to potentially use fly ash as binder in concrete that have not been widely exercised, especially those utilizing it in high to very high volume. In those schemes, high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete might use more than 50% fly ash to replace cement. To exploit its self-cementing properties, with or without the addition of other compounds, such as calcium hydroxide, fly ash might be used in very high percentage of cement replacement. In geopolymeric system, fly ash acts as the precursor of a stable binder, with the presence of highly alkaline solution. This paper demonstrates a model to investigate the potential of fly ash in several binder systems. The results show that fly ash from a good source can be utilized as an alternative binder in several different schemes.
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Current US national standards for using fly ash in concrete (ASTM C618) state that fly ash must come from coal combustion, thus precluding biomass-coal co-firing fly ash. The co-fired ash comes from a large and increasing fraction of US power plants due to rapid increases in co-firing opportunity fuels with coal. The fly ashes include coal fly ash, wood fly ash from pure wood combustion, biomass and coal co-fired fly ash SW1 and SW2. Also wood fly ash is blended with Class C or Class F to produce Wood C and Wood E. Concrete samples were prepared with fly ash replacing cement by 25%. All fly ash mixes except wood have a lower water demand than the pure cement mix. Fly ashes, either from coal or non coal combustion, increase the required air entraining agent (AEA) to meet the design specification of the mixes. If AEA is added arbitrarily without considering the amount or existence of fly ash results could lead to air content in concrete that is either too low or too high. Biomass fly ash does not impact concrete setting behaviour disproportionately. Switch grass-coal co-fired fly ash and blended wood fly ash generally lie within the range ofmore » pure coal fly ash strength. The 56 day flexure strength of all the fly ash mixes is comparable to that of the pure cement mix. The flexure strength from the coal-biomass co-fired fly ash does not differ much from pure coal fly ash. All fly ash concrete mixes exhibit lower chloride permeability than the pure cement mixes. In conclusion biomass coal co-fired fly ash perform similarly to coal fly ash in fresh and hardened concrete. As a result, there is no reason to exclude biomass-coal co-fired fly ash in concrete.« less
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A quantitative understanding of the efficiency of fly ash as a mineral admixture in cement-based materials is essential for its effective utilisation. The present paper is directed towards a specific understanding of the efficiency of fly ash in cementitious materials systems by considering the independency of fly ash and its dependency on the characteristics of the cementitious materials system. A new method of quantitatively evaluating the strength effect of fly ash is proposed, in which two parameters, the strength-effect index and the strengthening factor, are employed to study strength development in fly ash mortars and concretes and to further analyse the influences of water to binder ratio (w/b) and the replacement amount of fly ash on strength. Results indicate that the strength effect of fly ash in mortar systems is different from that in concrete; the strength effect of fly ash varies with both amount of fly ash and w/b. Furthermore, in a concrete system, two different optimal w/b ratios are used to maximise the strength-effect index and the strengthening factor of fly ash, respectively. An optimum amount of fly ash exists for an optimal unit strength-effect index in concrete. It is shown that the method presented in this paper is reasonable and effective in assessing the efficiency of fly ash. This information will strengthen the effective utilisation of fly ash in cementitious materials and design of fly ash concrete.
Cementitious
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