Short-chain fatty acid administration via water acidifier improves feed efficiency and modulates fecal microbiota in weaned piglets
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This study examined the effect of a water acidifier containing free- and buffered-short chain fatty acids (SCFA-WA) on growth performance and microbiota of weaned piglets. In total, 192 male piglets, approximately four weeks of age, were allocated to 24 pens (12 per treatment) with eight piglets per pen. The piglets received either regular drinking water (negative control) or drinking water with the acidifier supplied at 2 L/1000L. Body weight and feed intake were measured weekly on pen level. During the first two weeks, daily visual assessment and scoring of the faeces was conducted. Faecal samples of three piglets per pen were collected on day 14 and 42 for high-throughput sequencing analysis of the microbiota. Piglets offered SCFA-WA had significantly improved feed efficiency in the third week (P=0.025) and over the whole study period (day 0-42, P=0.042) compared to piglets in the negative control group, with a strong tendency observed during the first feeding phase (day 0-21, P=0.055). Furthermore, the water acidifier group had a higher water intake than piglets provided with control water during the second feeding phase (day 21-42, P=0.028) and over the whole study period (day 0-42, P=0.043). There was no significant difference in body weight, average daily gain, or average daily feed intake (day 0-21, 21-42, 0-42). Furthermore, there was no overall significant difference in faecal scoring between the treatments. In terms of the faecal microbiota response, piglets offered the water acidifier showed a significantly higher relative abundance (RA) of genus Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and a lower RA of genus Streptococcus compared to the control. Furthermore, the redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a positive association between improved feed efficiency and daily weight gain and RA of Butyricicoccus and Faecalibacterium. In conclusion, consumption of the water acidifier containing free- and buffered- SCFA modulated the microbiota and improved feed efficiency in piglets.Keywords:
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This study was conducted to determine the performance of male Kamang ducks reared with pools and without pools with three different levels of ration energy. This study used a Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a divided plot design with the main plot consisting of pools, and without pools, subplots consisted of ration energy levels of E1 (2700 Kcal/kg), E2 (2900 Kcal/kg) and E3 (3100 Kcal/kg) with three groups. The study raised 90 male Kamang ducks. The treatment began at two weeks of age and ended at the 10th week Each cage consisted of 5 Kamang ducks per treatment making a total of 90 ducks. The variables observed were ration consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and growth rate. The results showed that there was is no interaction between the duck rearing method with varying ration energy levels on ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, and growth rate (p>0.05). Also, the level of ration energy did not affect ration consumption, body weight gain, ration conversion, and growth rate (P>0.05). However, the maintenance of ducks with and without pools was significantly different (p<0.05) with the average body weight gain and feed conversion. The study concludes that rearing ducks using ponds showed the best results at 2700 Kcal/kg (E1) energy level with an average ration consumption of 5907.7 g/duck, weight gain of 1232. 51 g/duck, and feed conversion ratio of 4.82.
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Abstract The research was aimed to observe the influence of the breed and the initial body weight on the daily gain of Simmental Ongole crossbred (SimPO) and Ongole grade (PO) cattle in a feedlot system. The research was conducted for three months, used 12 SimPO and 12 PO (age ranged at 1.5-2.5 y), fed by concentrates and King grass. Cattle were grouped as: (I) SimPO <300 kg; (II) SimPO >300 kg; (III) PO < 300 kg; and (IV) PO >300 kg. Feed consumption, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and feed cost per gain were observed and analyzed using ANOVA. The results showed that ADG, FCR, and feed cost per gain were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by different breeds and initial body weight, while feed consumption was significantly (P<0.05) influenced by initial body weight. There were interactions between breed and initial body weight on feed consumption, FCR, and feed cost per gain. The highest FCR and feed cost per gain showed in group IV. SimPO had higher ADG than PO. Cattle < 300 kg had higher ADG than > 300 kg. Ongole grade > 300 kg were less efficient to be used as feeder cattle in feedlot system.
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A dose-response experiment with four dietary copper concentrations (4.17, 8.17, 12.17 and 16.17 mg/kg) was conducted to estimate the growth performance, slaughter performance, nutrient content of fecal and liver copper concentrations of growing Goslings from 28 to 70 d of age. Two hundred healthy male Yangzhou geese with similar body weight were randomized to four groups with five replicates per treatment and ten geese per replicate. Average daily feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion ratio of geese for each pen were measured from 28 to 70 d of age. At 70 d of age, two geese were selected randomly from each pen and slaughtered to evaluate carcass quality. Metabolism experiment was conducted with five male geese from each group (one goose per pen) which body weight was close to the mean weight of the group from 64 to 70 d of age. Significant effects of dietary copper was found on body weight, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield, fecal copper concentrations and liver copper concentrations. Body weight, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield showed significant quadratic response to increase dietary copper concentration, while fecal copper concentration and liver copper concentration showed a significant linear response. The result showed that dietary Cu addition can improve growth by increasing the use of the feeding stuff and improving carcass yield in growing Goslings. Furthermore, taking into consideration, the optimal level of Gosling dietary copper was between 8.77 and 11.6 mg/kg from 28 to 70 days of age.
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The Effect of Different Inclusion Levels of a Commercial Concentrate On the Growth Performance of Weaned Lambs Andell Edwards, Amellia Taylor, Tunika Brewster Abstract This experiment was undertaken to investigate the effect of different inclusion levels of a commercial concentrate on average daily gain, feed conversion efficiency, feed intake, final weight gained, feed cost/lb gain and the dressing percentage of weaned lambs. Twenty one, clinically healthy Barbados black belly weaned ewe (average weight 15 - 19± 0.4 kg.) were used. They were randomly allocated to three treatments during a period of 70 days. Treatment (1): inclusion at 2% body weight, Treatment (2): Inclusion at 2.5% body weight and Treatment (3): Inclusion at 3% body weight. Water was provided ad libitum. Feed intake was highest (p<0.05) among lambs supplemented with concentrates at 3 % (5.85 kg) of their body weight. Average daily gain (ADG) was highest (p<0.05) among ewes supplemented at 3 % (0.70 kg) of their body weight. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower among animals supplemented at 2 % (7.52 kg) when compared to animals supplemented at 2.5 % (8.50 kg) and 3 % (8.28 kg) of their body weight respectively. Weight gain was significantly higher (p<0.05) among ewes supplemented at 3 % body weight in comparison to ewes supplemented at 2 % (14.4 kg) and 2.5 % (16.3 kg) respectively. Ewes supplemented at 3 % of their body had a lower (p<0.05) feed cost per pound of gain ($7.71) when compared to those supplemented at 2.5 % ($ 9.52). Dressing percentage was also lowest (p<0.05) among ewes supplemented at 3 % of their body weight (42.9 %) when compared to ewes supplemented at 2 % (46 %) and 2.5 % (45.7 %) respectively. It was concluded that a higher concentrate inclusion level could positively influence the performance parameters and cost/pound of gain in weaned lambs fed poor quality forages. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jaes.v10n1a7
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The effect of feeding frequency on feed consumption, growth and feed conversion efficiency of Tor tambroides (Empurau) was investigated over a period of 10 weeks. There were significant difference (P
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Abstract This study aims to compare three programs of feeding broiler conducted on 120 Ross 308 chicks at one day of age distributed to three treatments of 4 replicates by 10 birds each. T1 given 3 phase (starter, grower, finisher) rations during (1-14,15-28, 29-42) days respectively, T2 given a 2 phase (starter ration from 1-28 days and finisher ration from 29-42 days), T3 given a (1 phase) grower ration from 1-42 day. Feed and water have been given ad libitum. All chicks were reared in a semi-open house in pens with a dimension of 1.25 × 1.25 m. The results showed that there was an insignificant difference between treatments in live body weight, total and daily weight gain, Total and daily feed intake except 3-4, 5-6, 0-6 weeks, T3 was significantly less than T2 during the total period, protein intake was significantly different except at 1-2, 4-5 weeks, T3 was significantly higher than T1 in total period 0-6 week. There was an insignificant difference in feed or protein conversion ratio at all studying periods. There was an insignificant difference between treatments in all carcass traits. The difference between treatments in relative growth rate was less than 1%. The second treatment showed a small improvement in economic efficiency by about 2%.
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The data from records of 1185 single and 58 twins of male and female Friesian calves were collected during the consecutive 8 years (1997-2004) at the Sakha Animal Production Research Station. The animals were used to study the effect of twinning on the live body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion and economic efficiency . Results revealed that the twining rate in dairy Friesian cows was 4.67% and the percentage of freemartins was 0.64%. The average live body weight and daily weight gain were significantly higher (P<0.05) for single compared to twin claves (430, 0.54 vs. 384, 0.49 kg, respectively). However, the sum of body weight and weight gain were significantly higher (P<0.05) for twins compared to single calves (768, 0.99 vs. 430, 0.54 kg, respectively). Feed conversion rate was significantly higher (P<0.05) for twin calves compared with single calves. The cost of daily feed intake, price of daily weight gain and cost/kg gain were significantly lower (P<0.05), while economic efficiency was significantly higher (P<0.05) for twins compared to single calves. The sum body weight and economic efficiency of twin calves increased by 79 and 25%, respectively, compared to single calves. The results show that twin calves have higher total body weight, total body weight gain, feed conversion rate and economic efficiency, whilst lower feed intake and feed cost compared with single calves. This is very important for increasing beef production in Egypt.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate bird responses to flavophospholipol at higher doses than those recommended by the Brazilian legislation. A trial was conducted with 900 male broilers divided into five doses of flavophospholipol: 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/kg. The performance evaluation was conducted weekly until 42 days of age. The evaluated parameters were: weight gain, feed conversion corrected for mortality, feed intake and mortality. At the end of experimental period, birds supplemented with growth promoter differed from the negative control for weight gain and feed conversion in the period from 1 to 42 days. Body weight gain and feed conversion were significantly higher for birds fed 16 mg/kg of flavophospholipol, compared with treatment without the growth promoter in the period from 1 to 21 days. In the accumulated period from 22 to 42 days, all doses were different for the negative control for feed conversion and body weight gain. The performance improvement was maximized at the dosage of 10.1 mg/kg for feed conversion ratio and 10.9 mg/kg for body weight gain by regression analysis. Flavomycin can be used as a growth promoter to improve feed conversion ratio and body weight gain in broilers from 1 to 42 days of age.
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To investigate the growth-ration relationship and feed conversion efficiency of a bagrid catfish Hemibagrus nemurus , an 8-week experiment was conducted in 12 indoor tanks. Juvenile H.nemurus with a mean weight of 1.83 g were fed a 40% protein and 3% lipid diet at 4 different ration levels (2, 3, 4 and 5% of initial body weight) per day. Water temperature was approximately 26.6°C throughout the experiment. The average final weight, specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency were directly measured. At the end of the experiment, significant differences were found in growth parameters, average final body weight and specific growth rate among the four groups of fish receiving different rations (p<0.05). The relationship between specific growth rate in wet weight (SGRw, percentage per day) and ration level (RL, percentage per day) was an asymptotic curve described as SGRw = –0.2072RL 2 +2.0054RL–0.9959 (R 2 =0.9778; p<0.01). Feed conversion efficiency decreased significantly with increasing ration levels. Based on the above results, it may be concluded that a ration size of 4% of body weight per day is optimal for good growth and feed conversion efficiency of juvenile H . nemurus (from initial weight of 1.8 g to final weight of 16 g).
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