Abundance, diversity and diffusion of antibiotic resistance genes in cat feces and dog feces
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Human feces
Serotonin, an important neurotransmitter, is produced mainly in intestines, and serotonin levels in feces can be an indicator of the intestinal environment. Human feces, however, contain a large amount of contaminants, which vary widely owing to food contents and the intestinal environment, and these contaminants would be expected to interfere with the determination of serotonin levels in human feces. To remove these contaminants and determine serotonin levels, we developed a new method using solid phase extraction (SPE) and column-switching LC-MS/MS. Serotonin, labeled with a stable isotope, was added to human feces samples prior to SPE as an internal standard to correct for individual differences in matrix effects. The recovery rate for SPE was 55.9-81.0% (intraday) and 56.5-78.1% (interday) for feces from two subjects. We analyzed 220 fecal samples from 96 subjects including 76 pregnant and post-delivery women. The endogenous serotonin content per unit weight of dried feces was 0.09-14.13 ng/mg for pregnant and post-delivery women and 0.30-9.93 ng/mg for the remaining subjects.
Solid phase extraction
Human feces
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Objective To know the advantages and disadvantages of RIDAQuick Cryptosporidium method for the Cryptosporidium detection among feces of human and live stocks,and find out the consistency to auramine-phenol modified acid-fast staining method.Methods 200 and 72 feces of human and live stocks were separately collected. All feces were detected by RIDAQuick Cryptosporidium method and auramine-phenol modified acid-fast staining. Chi-square test was used to analyze the results of the two detection methods by SPSS. Results The positive rates of people and live stocks using RIDAQuick Cryptosporidium were 5% and13. 9%,respectively. And the positive rates of human and live stocks using auramine-phenol modified acid-fast staining method were4. 5% and 25%,respectively. Two methods for human feces detection were of no significant difference( P 0. 05),however,there were significant differences between two methods for the detection of livestock feces( P 0. 05). Conclusions RIDAQuick Cryptosporidium method had good results for Cryptosporidium detection in a large sample of human feces.
Human feces
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Baicalin
Human feces
Baicalein
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This research was conducted on November until December 2019, on Peatlands, Kualu Nenas Village, Tambang District, Kampar Regency, Riau Province. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of giving a mixture of human and cow feces biological fertilizers and to get the best comparison of a mixture of human and cow feces biological fertilizers on the increase in soil phosphate and peat pond water. The method of this research is an experimental method using a Complete Random Design (CRD) with one factor, six treatments, and three replications is P0: Control, P1: 100% giving of cow feces (120g), P2: 25% giving of human feces (30g) + 75% cow feces (90g), P3: 50% human feces (60g) + 50% cow feces (60g), P4: 75% human feces (90g) + 25% cow feces (30g), and P5: 100% human feces (120g). The results showed that 75% giving of human feces (90g) + 25% giving of cow feces biological fertilizers (30g) had an effect on phosphate changes in soil and peat water media with the respective levels obtained at 0,47% - 0,74% and phosphate content of water is 1,37 ppm-3,50 ppm
Human feces
Cow dung
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To investigate different factors associated with hookworm infections we conducted 2 studies in a commune in northern Viet Nam. The first was part of a larger study on anaemia and covered 213 women (15–49 years of age) and their 92 children (6 months to 5 years of age) in one commune; 90% of the families reported using human faeces for fertilizer. Women who reported using fresh human faeces as fertilizer had significantly higher hookworm egg counts than women who either used treated human faeces or who did not use human faeces as fertilizer. The second study examined how human faeces were used for fertilizer in 30 selected families. Women participated in preparation and application of human faeces to crops in 81% of the families using human faeces for fertilizer. Two methods of preparing the faeces were described: 48% of the families mixed the faeces with ash before applying them to the field; 18% mixed the faeces with water; 33% used both methods.
Human feces
Hookworm Infections
Vietnamese
Hookworm Infections
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Objective To build a fast and accurate method of quantification for Bifidobacteria in human feces.Method Traditional culture,common PCR,real-time PCR were used.Result(1)The inhibitors in the feces samples were removed when the samples were centrifuged,washed and diluted,so that the Bifidobacteria in the feces samples could be directly quantitated by PCR and real-time PCR.(2)The direct semiquantitation by PCR established in this study showed a satisfactory distinguishability when Bifidobacteria in feces samples was between 10 3～10 7CFU /ml.There was no obvious difference between the result from RT-PCR quantification and that from cultured method(P 0.05);The direct quantitation by PCR showed a satisfactory distinguishability when Bifidobacteria in feces samples was between 10 1～10 7CFU /ml,without obvious difference between the result from RT-PCR and that from cultured method(P 0.05).Conclusion Bifidobacteria in feces samples can be directly quantitated or semiquantitated by real-time PCR method or common PCR method.
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During an investigation of the methods used in the cultivation of E. histolytica, it was found that the number of organisms produced in vitro could be significantly increased by the addition of extracts of human feces to the culture fluid. This has been studied quantitatively in various commonly used media.The use of fecal material in media devised for the purpose of cultivating human protozoa has been mentioned in the publications of Kartulis (1889), Boyd (1918–19) and Boeck and Drbohlav (1925). Kartulis used sterile emulsions of rabbit and pigeon feces in an attempt to cultivate his dysentery-producing amoebae. Boyd employed fecal material when he first successfully cultivated Trichomonas hominis. Boeck and Drbohlav tested the effects of aqueous extracts of human feces in Lock-Egg-Serum medium and found that the bacteria multiplied so rapidly that the medium soon ceased to be a favorable environment for the amoebae.
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Culture-independent fecal source tracking methods have many potential advantages over library-dependent, isolate-culture methods, but they have been subjected to limited testing. The purpose of this study was to compare culture-independent, library-independent methods of fecal source tracking. Five laboratories analysed identical sets of aqueous samples that contained one or more of the following sources: sewage, human feces, dog feces, cattle feces and gull feces. Two investigators used methods based on PCR amplification of Bacteroidetes marker genes and both successfully discriminated between samples that did or did not contain human fecal material. One of these investigators was also able to identify the remaining sources, except for gull, with a low rate of false positives. A method based on E. coli toxin genes successfully identified samples containing sewage and cattle feces, but missed some samples with human feces because of low marker prevalence in individual human fecal samples. Researchers who used community terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) were limited by the amount of DNA recovered from samples, but they correctly identified human and cattle fecal contamination when sufficient DNA was obtained. Culture independent methods show considerable promise; further research is needed to develop markers for additional fecal sources and to understand the correlation of these source-tracking indicators to measures of human and environmental health.
Human feces
Source tracking
Enrichment culture
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There is extensive evidence that SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the infectivity of virions in feces is poorly documented. Although the primary mode of transmission is airborne, the risk of transmission from contaminated feces remains to be assessed.
Infectivity
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak
Sars virus
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Fecapentaenes, highly potent fecal mutagens originating from intestinal bacterial production, have been suggested to play an essential role in the initiation of colorectal cancer. Reviewing the data on fecapentaene occurrence in man, the applied methodologies for fecapentaene extraction and analysis appear to be very inconsistent. Therefore, we compared several methods and developed an optimal extraction and purification procedure for fecapentaene quantification in human feces. This method is based upon a dichioromethane extraction of freeze-dried material with application of a Potter homogenization instrument and subsequent HPLC analysis in combination with photodiode array detection. This system enables us to detect and quantify at least eight forms of fecapentaene-like substances generally occurring in human stool. We suggest that these peaks represent fecapentaene-12 (FP-12) and fecapentaene-14, both with a geometric isomer, as well as fecapentaene analogues that have never been reported before. Applying this methodology on feces of a group of young healthy persons, we were able to detect fecapentaene levels ranging from <5 μg to 6 mg/kg feces, and in 40% of the samples >1.0 mg/kg feces. The newly identified fecapentaenes represent 21.7% of total fecapentaene concentration. It appears that some fecapentaenes are excreted in higher amounts by females as compared to males. Furthermore, we found that fecal mutagenicity to Salmonella tester strain TA100 appeared lower than hypothesized on the basis of overall fecapentaene contents, and that fecal extracts diminish the mutagenic effect of synthetic FP-12 dramatically. Apparently, optimal conditions for fecapentaene extraction result also in an increased level of co-extracted anti-mutagenic substances. Determination of fecal mutagemcity as an index for fecapentaene excretion or colorectal cancer risk is therefore not suitable. In order to assess the relevance of fecapentaenes in the etiology of colorectal cancer, we suggest that a distinction should be made between relative occurrence and degree of genotoxic effect in situ of the various fecapentaene analogues.
Human feces
Homogenization
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